Pathophysiology Chapter 34 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Pathophysiology Chapter 34 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children



1. Most cardiovascular developments occur between which weeks of gestation?

a. Fourth and seventh weeks

b. Eighth and tenth weeks

c. Twelfth and fourteenth weeks

d. Fifteenth and seventeenth weeks

2. The presence of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur?

a. Right-to-left blood shunting

b. Left-to-right blood shunting

c. Blood flow from the umbilical cord

d. Blood flow to the lungs

3. The student studying pathophysiology learns which fact about circulation at birth?

a. Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance fall.

b. Gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung.

c. Systemic resistance falls and pulmonary resistance rises.

d. Systemic resistance and pulmonary resistance rise.

4. When does systemic vascular resistance in infants begin to increase?

a. One month before birth

b. During the beginning stage of labor

c. One hour after birth

d. Once the placenta is removed from circulation

5. Which event triggers congenital heart defects that cause acyanotic congestive heart

failure?

a. Right-to-left shunts