Q1. Explain the construction and working of a lead-acid battery.
Ans-The battery which uses sponge lead and lead peroxide for the
conversion of the chemical energy into electrical power, such type of
battery is called a lead acid battery. The lead acid battery is most
commonly used in the power stations and substations because it has
higher cell voltage and lower cost.
Construction of Lead Acid Battery
The various parts of the lead acid battery are shown below. The
container and the plates are the main part of the lead acid battery. The
container stores chemical energy which is converted into electrical
energy by the help of the plates.
1. Container – The container of the lead acid battery is made of glass,
lead lined wood, ebonite, the hard rubber of bituminous compound,
ceramic materials or moulded plastics and are seated at the top to avoid
the discharge of electrolyte. At the bottom of the container, there are four
ribs, on two of them rest the positive plate and the others support the
negative plates.
The prism serves as the support for the plates and at the same time
protect them from a short-circuit.The material of which the battery
containers are made should be resistant to sulfuric acid, should not
deform or porous, or contain impurities which damage the electrolyte.
2. Plate – The plate of the lead-acid cell is of diverse design and they all
consist some form of a grid which is made up of lead and the active
material. The grid is essential for conducting the electric current and for
distributing the current equally on the active material. If the current is not
uniformly distributed, then the active material will loosen and fall out.
, The grids are made up of an alloy of lead
and antimony. These are usually made with the transverse rib that
crosses the places at a right angle or diagonally. The grid for the positive
and negative plates are of the same design, but the grids for the
negative plates are made lighter because they are not as essential for
the uniform conduction of the current.
The plates of the battery are of two types. They are the formed plates or
plante plates and pasted or faure plates.
Plante’s plates are used largely for stationary batteries as these are
heavier in weight and more costly than the pasted plates. But the plates
are more durable and less liable to lose active material by rapid charging
and discharging. The plantes plate has low capacity weight-ratio.
Faure process is much suitable for manufacturing of negative plates
rather than positive plates. The negative active material is quite tough,
and it undergoes a comparatively low change from charging and
discharging.
3. Active Material – The material in a cell which takes active
participation in a chemical reaction (absorption or evolution of electrical
energy) during charging or discharging is called the active material of the
cell. The active elements of the lead acid are
1. Lead peroxide (PbO2) – It forms the positive active material.
The PbO2 are dark chocolate broom in colour.
2. Sponge lead – Its form the negative active material. It is
grey in colour.
3. Dilute Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) – It is used as an electrolyte. It
contains 31% of sulfuric acid.
Ans-The battery which uses sponge lead and lead peroxide for the
conversion of the chemical energy into electrical power, such type of
battery is called a lead acid battery. The lead acid battery is most
commonly used in the power stations and substations because it has
higher cell voltage and lower cost.
Construction of Lead Acid Battery
The various parts of the lead acid battery are shown below. The
container and the plates are the main part of the lead acid battery. The
container stores chemical energy which is converted into electrical
energy by the help of the plates.
1. Container – The container of the lead acid battery is made of glass,
lead lined wood, ebonite, the hard rubber of bituminous compound,
ceramic materials or moulded plastics and are seated at the top to avoid
the discharge of electrolyte. At the bottom of the container, there are four
ribs, on two of them rest the positive plate and the others support the
negative plates.
The prism serves as the support for the plates and at the same time
protect them from a short-circuit.The material of which the battery
containers are made should be resistant to sulfuric acid, should not
deform or porous, or contain impurities which damage the electrolyte.
2. Plate – The plate of the lead-acid cell is of diverse design and they all
consist some form of a grid which is made up of lead and the active
material. The grid is essential for conducting the electric current and for
distributing the current equally on the active material. If the current is not
uniformly distributed, then the active material will loosen and fall out.
, The grids are made up of an alloy of lead
and antimony. These are usually made with the transverse rib that
crosses the places at a right angle or diagonally. The grid for the positive
and negative plates are of the same design, but the grids for the
negative plates are made lighter because they are not as essential for
the uniform conduction of the current.
The plates of the battery are of two types. They are the formed plates or
plante plates and pasted or faure plates.
Plante’s plates are used largely for stationary batteries as these are
heavier in weight and more costly than the pasted plates. But the plates
are more durable and less liable to lose active material by rapid charging
and discharging. The plantes plate has low capacity weight-ratio.
Faure process is much suitable for manufacturing of negative plates
rather than positive plates. The negative active material is quite tough,
and it undergoes a comparatively low change from charging and
discharging.
3. Active Material – The material in a cell which takes active
participation in a chemical reaction (absorption or evolution of electrical
energy) during charging or discharging is called the active material of the
cell. The active elements of the lead acid are
1. Lead peroxide (PbO2) – It forms the positive active material.
The PbO2 are dark chocolate broom in colour.
2. Sponge lead – Its form the negative active material. It is
grey in colour.
3. Dilute Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) – It is used as an electrolyte. It
contains 31% of sulfuric acid.
