Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 13th Edition Hall Test Bank

Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 13th Edition
Hall Test Bank
Chapter 01: Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the “Internal
Environment”
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Edition


MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. What is the most abundant type of cell in the human body?
A. Neuron
B. Epithelial cell
C. Red blood cell
D. White blood cell
E. Vascular smooth muscle cell
F. Skeletal muscle cell
ANS: C PTS: 1

2. The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of that
substance in the body is which of the following?
A. Protein, 30%
B. Protein, 60%
C. Water, 30%
D. Water, 60%
E. Carbohydrate, 30%
F. Carbohydrate, 60%
ANS: D PTS: 1

3. A large volume of blood is transfused to a person whose baroreceptor blood pressure control
system is not functioning. Arterial blood pressure rises from the normal level of 100 to 160
mm Hg. If the same volume of blood is infused into the same person when the baroreceptor
system is functioning, and this time the arterial pressure increases from the normal level of
100 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg, what is the gain of the baroreceptor system?
A. –3
B. –2
C. –1
D. 0
E. +1
F. +2
G. +3
ANS: B PTS: 1

4. Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid
concentration ratio for most mammalian cells?
A. Sodium ions
B. Potassium ions
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Glucose
E. Protein




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, ANS: A PTS: 1

5. Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs
mainly in which of the following?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
E. Veins
ANS: C PTS: 1

6. What is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells of the body?
A. Less than 50 angstroms
B. Less than 50 microns
C. Less than 50 millimeters
D. Less than 100 angstroms
E. Less than 100 microns
F. Less than 100 millimeters
ANS: A PTS: 1

7. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation to traverse
the entire circulatory circuit?
A. 1 second
B. 1 minute
C. 3 minutes
D. 4 minutes
E. 5 minutes
ANS: B PTS: 1

8. feedback is often referred to as a "vicious cycle" because it leads to
instability and sometimes death.
A. Positive, progressive
B. Positive, diminished
C. Negative, progressive
D. Negative, diminished
E. Adaptive, progressive
ANS: A PTS: 1

9. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?
A. Clotting of blood
B. Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage
C. Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood
D. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to
increased blood pressure
ANS: A PTS: 1

10. Which of the following is an example of a “feed forward” control system?




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, A. The arterial baroreceptor system
B. The progressive nature of uterine contractions during childbirth
C. Control of skeletal muscle movements by the brain
D. Generation of an action potential
ANS: C PTS: 1

11. Which of the following statements about homeostasis is incorrect?
A. It refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment for the body
B. Homeostatic mechanisms do not operate in diseases
C. Homeostasis requires integrated actions of the cells, tissues, organs, and multiple
nervous, hormonal, and local control systems
D. Homeostatic compensations that begin after a major environmental challenge may
contribute to abnormalities of body function
ANS: B PTS: 1

12. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
A. Arterial baroreceptor control of blood pressure
B. Excitation of the respiratory center by increased blood carbon dioxide
concentration
C. Hemorrhagic shock cause by severe blood loss
D. A and B
E. A, B, and C
ANS: D PTS: 1




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, Chapter 02: The Cell and Its Functions
Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Edition


MATCHING

Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved in the
synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
A. Nucleolus
B. Nucleus
C. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
D. Granular endoplasmic reticulum
E. Golgi apparatus
F. Endosomes
G. Peroxisomes
H. Lysosomes
I. Cytosol

1. Initiation of translation
2. Protein sorting and packaging
3. Gene transcription

1. ANS: I PTS: 1
2. ANS: E PTS: 1
3. ANS: B PTS: 1


MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is true for both pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
A. Involves recruitment of actin filaments
B. Occurs spontaneously and nonselectively
C. Permits uptake of bacterium into cytosol
D. Is only observed in macrophages and neutrophils
E. Does not require adenosine triphosphate
ANS: A PTS: 1

2. The cell membrane is least permeable to which of the following substances?
A. Sodium
B. Oxygen
C. Ethanol
D. Carbon dioxide
E. Water
ANS: A PTS: 1

3. Which of the following best describes the glycocalyx of a cell?
A. Negatively charged carbohydrate chains that protrude into cytosol
B. Negatively charged carbohydrate layer on cell surface
C. Layer of anions aligned on the cytosolic surface of plasma membrane




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