BIOD 171: MICRO-2 QUIZ WITH ANSWERS
I. Proteases are used to catabolize what?
Proteases are used to breakdown proteins (whereas lipases are used to
breakdown lipids).
II. Excluding sugars, what are the other sources of energy? Which is highest
in energy? Polysaccharides, proteins and lipids can all serve as potential
energy sources in the absence of sugar. Lipids are rich in energy, often
having several reduced carbon molecules (high in hydrogen content) that
can be used in both the TCA and ETC cycles.
III. In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Photosynthesis, the process of capturing sunlight and converting it into
usable energy source, occurs in the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are
double-membrane enclosed organelles. Each chloroplast contains the
green photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll.
IV. In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where?
The process of converting light energy into chemical energy
(photophosphorylation) always occurs in the membrane. Similar to the
electron transport chain, one of its main functions is to generate a proton
concentration gradient to generate ATP.
V. What are the byproducts of light reactions used for in dark reactions?
The ATP and NADPH produced via light reactions are used in dark reactions
to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic carbon compounds as well
as useful carbohydrates (a process called carbon fixation).
VI. Complete the following chemical reaction by placing the appropriate
, BIOD 171: MICRO-2 QUIZ WITH ANSWERS
number in the blanks:
CO2 + ATP + NADPH + H20 →C6H12O6 + ADP + NADP+
6 CO2 + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H20 → C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+
VII. Identify the enzyme associated with the following enzymatic reactions:
A-B → B-A
Ab + C → A + Cb
A-B → B-A (Isomerases)
Ab + C → A + Cb (Transferases)
VIII. What determines the specificity of an enzyme?
IX. The specificity of an enzyme is heavily influenced by its active site—a unique
chemical structure bound only by select target molecules. The structure is
influenced by the amino acid composition of the protein as this in turn
influences the fold, shape and ‘appearance’ of the enzyme. The active site (and
it’s target protein) can be thought of as a lock-and-key relationship. The active
site provides a specificity (like a lock) that only specific target proteins can bind
—much like how only a specific key will fit into, unlock and ‘activate’ a lockWhat
is cellular metabolism?
Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in
living organisms in order to maintain life.
X. What is the primary function of enzymes and how are they regulated?
I. Proteases are used to catabolize what?
Proteases are used to breakdown proteins (whereas lipases are used to
breakdown lipids).
II. Excluding sugars, what are the other sources of energy? Which is highest
in energy? Polysaccharides, proteins and lipids can all serve as potential
energy sources in the absence of sugar. Lipids are rich in energy, often
having several reduced carbon molecules (high in hydrogen content) that
can be used in both the TCA and ETC cycles.
III. In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Photosynthesis, the process of capturing sunlight and converting it into
usable energy source, occurs in the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are
double-membrane enclosed organelles. Each chloroplast contains the
green photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll.
IV. In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where?
The process of converting light energy into chemical energy
(photophosphorylation) always occurs in the membrane. Similar to the
electron transport chain, one of its main functions is to generate a proton
concentration gradient to generate ATP.
V. What are the byproducts of light reactions used for in dark reactions?
The ATP and NADPH produced via light reactions are used in dark reactions
to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic carbon compounds as well
as useful carbohydrates (a process called carbon fixation).
VI. Complete the following chemical reaction by placing the appropriate
, BIOD 171: MICRO-2 QUIZ WITH ANSWERS
number in the blanks:
CO2 + ATP + NADPH + H20 →C6H12O6 + ADP + NADP+
6 CO2 + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H20 → C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+
VII. Identify the enzyme associated with the following enzymatic reactions:
A-B → B-A
Ab + C → A + Cb
A-B → B-A (Isomerases)
Ab + C → A + Cb (Transferases)
VIII. What determines the specificity of an enzyme?
IX. The specificity of an enzyme is heavily influenced by its active site—a unique
chemical structure bound only by select target molecules. The structure is
influenced by the amino acid composition of the protein as this in turn
influences the fold, shape and ‘appearance’ of the enzyme. The active site (and
it’s target protein) can be thought of as a lock-and-key relationship. The active
site provides a specificity (like a lock) that only specific target proteins can bind
—much like how only a specific key will fit into, unlock and ‘activate’ a lockWhat
is cellular metabolism?
Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in
living organisms in order to maintain life.
X. What is the primary function of enzymes and how are they regulated?
