CONTENTS
Preface vi
How to use the book vii
1 Body fluids
MCQs 1-57 1
EMQs 58-67 21
2 CardiovascuIar system
MCQs 68-126 33
EMQs 127-138 53
3 Respiratory system
in
MCQs 139-187 63
EMQs 188-194 79
4 Alimentary system
s.
MCQs 195-249 87
EMQs 250-260 107
5 Neuromuscular system
MCQs 261-330 115
iim
EMQs 331-340 139
6 Special senses
MCQs 341-384 149
EMQs 385-394 163
7 Urinary system
4a
MCQs 395-434 171
EMQs 435-444 185
8 Endocrine system
MCQs 445-501 193
EMQs 502-512 211
m
9 Reproductive system
MCQs 513-567 219
EMQs 568-576 237
Ai
l0. General questions
MCQs 577-639 245
EMQs 640-649 265
11 Sport and exercise physiology
MCQs 650-686 273
EMQs 687-691 287
12 Interpretative questions
MCQs 692-708 291
EMQs 709-714 325
Index 337
, HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
1. A stimulus to fill gaps in your knowledge
This book is intended as a revision tutor and should help you to revise your physiology in prep-
aration for examinations. It is particularly aimed at helping you to identify areas where your
knowledge and understanding need to be improved. The statements in this book are presented
so that you can commit yourself in written opinion and can then confirm correct information
and identify errors. The comments should reinforce your knowledge when you are correct and
indicate why you were mistaken if your answer is wrong.
2. Scoring your answers – multiple choice questions
A Answer, say, 20 questions (100 decisions), aiming to complete them in about 50 minutes.
in
In our experience of this type of question (one point tested in each Part), it is best for can-
didates to answer virtually all questions.
B Score your answers by giving ⫹1 for a correct response, ⫺1 for an incorrect response and
s.
0 for any omitted. It is suggested that this approach is in line with professional life when
many true/false decisions must be taken – send the patient to hospital? Begin a certain
treatment? Carry out surgery urgently? The penalties for a wrong decision can be consid-
erable!
iim
C As a very approximate guide, the following scale would apply to candidates who have not
spent time memorizing particular questions:
50–60 fair
60–70 good
70–90 excellent
4a
90–100 outstanding
3. Scoring your answers – extended matching questions
For these questions it is usual not to subtract marks for wrong answers, since the chance of
randomly getting the correct answer is much less than for multiple-choice questions, where it
m
is 50%. The same stratification of results (above) can then be applied.
4. Range of options
Ai
Please note for the MCQs that all, some, or none of the branches in each question may be true.
Also, for the EMQs a given option may be used more than once, or not at all.
,1 BODY FLUIDS 1
MCQs
MCQ
Questions 1–7
1. Extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its
A. Volume is greater.
B. Tonicity is lower.
C. Anions are mainly inorganic.
D. Sodium:potassium molar ratio is higher.
E. pH is lower.
2. Blood group antigens (agglutinogens) are
A. Carried on the haemoglobin molecule.
in
B. Beta globulins.
C. Equally immunogenic.
D. Not present in fetal blood.
E. Inherited as recessive Mendelian characteristics.
A.
s.
3. Total body water, expressed as a percentage of body weight
Can be measured with an indicator dilution technique using deuterium oxide.
iim
B. Is smaller on average in women than in men.
C. Rises following injection of posterior pituitary extracts.
D. Falls during starvation.
E. Is less than 80 per cent in young adults.
4. Breakdown of erythrocytes in the body
4a
A. Occurs when they are 6–8 weeks old.
B. Takes place in the reticulo-endothelial system.
C. Yields iron, most of which is excreted in the urine.
D. Yields bilirubin which is carried by plasma protein to the liver.
E. Is required for the synthesis of bile salts.
m
5. A person with group A blood
A. Has anti-B antibody in the plasma.
B. May have the genotype AB.
Ai
C. May have a parent with group O blood.
D. May have children with group A or group O blood only.
E. Whose partner is also A can only have children of groups A or O.
6. Blood platelets assist in arresting bleeding by
A. Releasing factors promoting blood clotting.
B. Adhering together to form plugs when exposed to collagen.
C. Liberating high concentrations of calcium.
D. Releasing factors causing vasoconstriction.
E. Inhibiting fibrinolysis by blocking the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin.
7. Plasma bilirubin
A. Is a steroid pigment.
B. Is converted to biliverdin in the liver.
C. Does not normally cross cerebral capillary walls.
D. Is freely filtered in the renal glomerulus.
E. Is sensitive to light.
, 2 Body fluids – answers
Answers
MCQ
1.
A. False Cells contain half to two-thirds of the total body fluid.
B. False It is the same; if it were lower, osmosis would draw water into the cells.
C. True Mainly Cl⫺ and HCO3⫺; inside, the main anions are protein and organic phos-
phates.
D. True Around 30:1; the intracellular ratio is about 1:10.
E. False Intracellular pH is lower due to cellular metabolism.
2.
A. False They are part of the red cell membrane.
B. False They are glycoproteins.
in
C. False A, B and D antigens are more immunogenic than the others.
D. False Fetal blood may elicit immune responses if it enters the maternal circulation.
E. False They are Mendelian dominants.
s.
3.
A. True D2O (heavy water) exchanges with water in all body fluid compartments.
B. True Women carry relatively more fat than men and fat has a low water content.
C. True ADH in the extracts inhibits water excretion by the kidneys.
iim
D. False It rises as fat stores are metabolized to provide energy.
E. True 70 per cent, the percentage in the lean body mass, is about the maximum per cent
possible.
4.
A. False The normal erythrocyte lifespan is 16–18 weeks.
4a
B. True The RES removes effete RBCs from the circulation.
C. False Most of the iron is retained for further use.
D. True The protein makes the bilirubin relatively water-soluble.
E. False Bile salts are synthesized from sterols in the liver.
m
5.
A. True This appears about the time of birth.
B. False This would make them blood group AB.
C. True They could inherit an A gene from the other parent to give genotype AO.
Ai
D. False B or AB are possible depending on the partner’s genes.
E. True In this case, neither parent has the B gene.
6.
A. True e.g. Thromboplastin, part of the intrinsic pathway.
B. True Vascular leaks are sealed by such platelet plugs.
C. False High Ca2⫹ levels are not needed for haemostasis; normal levels are adequate.
D. True e.g. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine).
E. False Serotonin from platelets can release vascular plasminogen activators.
7.
A. False It is a porphyrin pigment derived from haem.
B. False Bilirubin is derived from biliverdin formed from haem, not the other way about.
C. True The ‘blood–brain barrier’ normally prevents bilirubin entering brain tissue.
D. False The bilirubin–protein complex is too large to pass the glomerular filter.
E. True Light converts bilirubin to lumirubin which is excreted more rapidly; photo-
therapy may be used in the treatment of haemolytic jaundice in children.
Preface vi
How to use the book vii
1 Body fluids
MCQs 1-57 1
EMQs 58-67 21
2 CardiovascuIar system
MCQs 68-126 33
EMQs 127-138 53
3 Respiratory system
in
MCQs 139-187 63
EMQs 188-194 79
4 Alimentary system
s.
MCQs 195-249 87
EMQs 250-260 107
5 Neuromuscular system
MCQs 261-330 115
iim
EMQs 331-340 139
6 Special senses
MCQs 341-384 149
EMQs 385-394 163
7 Urinary system
4a
MCQs 395-434 171
EMQs 435-444 185
8 Endocrine system
MCQs 445-501 193
EMQs 502-512 211
m
9 Reproductive system
MCQs 513-567 219
EMQs 568-576 237
Ai
l0. General questions
MCQs 577-639 245
EMQs 640-649 265
11 Sport and exercise physiology
MCQs 650-686 273
EMQs 687-691 287
12 Interpretative questions
MCQs 692-708 291
EMQs 709-714 325
Index 337
, HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
1. A stimulus to fill gaps in your knowledge
This book is intended as a revision tutor and should help you to revise your physiology in prep-
aration for examinations. It is particularly aimed at helping you to identify areas where your
knowledge and understanding need to be improved. The statements in this book are presented
so that you can commit yourself in written opinion and can then confirm correct information
and identify errors. The comments should reinforce your knowledge when you are correct and
indicate why you were mistaken if your answer is wrong.
2. Scoring your answers – multiple choice questions
A Answer, say, 20 questions (100 decisions), aiming to complete them in about 50 minutes.
in
In our experience of this type of question (one point tested in each Part), it is best for can-
didates to answer virtually all questions.
B Score your answers by giving ⫹1 for a correct response, ⫺1 for an incorrect response and
s.
0 for any omitted. It is suggested that this approach is in line with professional life when
many true/false decisions must be taken – send the patient to hospital? Begin a certain
treatment? Carry out surgery urgently? The penalties for a wrong decision can be consid-
erable!
iim
C As a very approximate guide, the following scale would apply to candidates who have not
spent time memorizing particular questions:
50–60 fair
60–70 good
70–90 excellent
4a
90–100 outstanding
3. Scoring your answers – extended matching questions
For these questions it is usual not to subtract marks for wrong answers, since the chance of
randomly getting the correct answer is much less than for multiple-choice questions, where it
m
is 50%. The same stratification of results (above) can then be applied.
4. Range of options
Ai
Please note for the MCQs that all, some, or none of the branches in each question may be true.
Also, for the EMQs a given option may be used more than once, or not at all.
,1 BODY FLUIDS 1
MCQs
MCQ
Questions 1–7
1. Extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its
A. Volume is greater.
B. Tonicity is lower.
C. Anions are mainly inorganic.
D. Sodium:potassium molar ratio is higher.
E. pH is lower.
2. Blood group antigens (agglutinogens) are
A. Carried on the haemoglobin molecule.
in
B. Beta globulins.
C. Equally immunogenic.
D. Not present in fetal blood.
E. Inherited as recessive Mendelian characteristics.
A.
s.
3. Total body water, expressed as a percentage of body weight
Can be measured with an indicator dilution technique using deuterium oxide.
iim
B. Is smaller on average in women than in men.
C. Rises following injection of posterior pituitary extracts.
D. Falls during starvation.
E. Is less than 80 per cent in young adults.
4. Breakdown of erythrocytes in the body
4a
A. Occurs when they are 6–8 weeks old.
B. Takes place in the reticulo-endothelial system.
C. Yields iron, most of which is excreted in the urine.
D. Yields bilirubin which is carried by plasma protein to the liver.
E. Is required for the synthesis of bile salts.
m
5. A person with group A blood
A. Has anti-B antibody in the plasma.
B. May have the genotype AB.
Ai
C. May have a parent with group O blood.
D. May have children with group A or group O blood only.
E. Whose partner is also A can only have children of groups A or O.
6. Blood platelets assist in arresting bleeding by
A. Releasing factors promoting blood clotting.
B. Adhering together to form plugs when exposed to collagen.
C. Liberating high concentrations of calcium.
D. Releasing factors causing vasoconstriction.
E. Inhibiting fibrinolysis by blocking the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin.
7. Plasma bilirubin
A. Is a steroid pigment.
B. Is converted to biliverdin in the liver.
C. Does not normally cross cerebral capillary walls.
D. Is freely filtered in the renal glomerulus.
E. Is sensitive to light.
, 2 Body fluids – answers
Answers
MCQ
1.
A. False Cells contain half to two-thirds of the total body fluid.
B. False It is the same; if it were lower, osmosis would draw water into the cells.
C. True Mainly Cl⫺ and HCO3⫺; inside, the main anions are protein and organic phos-
phates.
D. True Around 30:1; the intracellular ratio is about 1:10.
E. False Intracellular pH is lower due to cellular metabolism.
2.
A. False They are part of the red cell membrane.
B. False They are glycoproteins.
in
C. False A, B and D antigens are more immunogenic than the others.
D. False Fetal blood may elicit immune responses if it enters the maternal circulation.
E. False They are Mendelian dominants.
s.
3.
A. True D2O (heavy water) exchanges with water in all body fluid compartments.
B. True Women carry relatively more fat than men and fat has a low water content.
C. True ADH in the extracts inhibits water excretion by the kidneys.
iim
D. False It rises as fat stores are metabolized to provide energy.
E. True 70 per cent, the percentage in the lean body mass, is about the maximum per cent
possible.
4.
A. False The normal erythrocyte lifespan is 16–18 weeks.
4a
B. True The RES removes effete RBCs from the circulation.
C. False Most of the iron is retained for further use.
D. True The protein makes the bilirubin relatively water-soluble.
E. False Bile salts are synthesized from sterols in the liver.
m
5.
A. True This appears about the time of birth.
B. False This would make them blood group AB.
C. True They could inherit an A gene from the other parent to give genotype AO.
Ai
D. False B or AB are possible depending on the partner’s genes.
E. True In this case, neither parent has the B gene.
6.
A. True e.g. Thromboplastin, part of the intrinsic pathway.
B. True Vascular leaks are sealed by such platelet plugs.
C. False High Ca2⫹ levels are not needed for haemostasis; normal levels are adequate.
D. True e.g. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine).
E. False Serotonin from platelets can release vascular plasminogen activators.
7.
A. False It is a porphyrin pigment derived from haem.
B. False Bilirubin is derived from biliverdin formed from haem, not the other way about.
C. True The ‘blood–brain barrier’ normally prevents bilirubin entering brain tissue.
D. False The bilirubin–protein complex is too large to pass the glomerular filter.
E. True Light converts bilirubin to lumirubin which is excreted more rapidly; photo-
therapy may be used in the treatment of haemolytic jaundice in children.
