By : Dr_MARHK
HISTOLOGY
KEY-POINTS
Q: EXPLAIN THE TERMS:-
39.:Nephron:-
The structural and functional unit of kidney, consisting upon renal corpus cell and renal
tubule. About 1~4 million per kidney.
40:Renal corpuscle:-
The place where the blood is filtered . Has vascular pole, where the afferent arteriole enters
and thinner efferent arteriole leaves renal corpuscle, and urinary pole, where the proximal
convoluted tubule leaves the corpuscle.
35.:Portal area:-
Presents at the corner of hepatic lobules and occupied by portal triads, the areas where
the CT contains the following 3 vessels:
1. Interlobular arteries: The branches of liver artery.
2. Interlobular veins: The branches of portal vein.
3. Interlobular bile ducts: The branches of hepatic duct.
36.:Hepatic lobule:-
Basic structural and functional unit of liver. Polygonal shape.contain a central vein and
hepatic cord.hepatic cord consist upon hepatocyte.
33:Intestinal villus:-
finger-like projections with a core of lamina propria covered by epithelium.10
34:Pancreas islet (islets of Langerhans):-
Islets have endocrine function .Cells are round or polygonal,
1
, By : Dr_MARHK
Contain three type of cell A type secret glucagon high blood pressure.
B type secrte insulin low blood pressure. C type balance A and B.and other are pp and D cell
much less.
37.:Perisinusoidal spaces (Spaces of Disse):-
Narrow spaces between endothelia and hepatocytes. 0.4µm in width. Difficult to tell under
LM. Contain plasma in which the microvilli of hepatocytes are immersed, where material
exchanges occur. Contain fat-storing cells (Ito cells), which are responsible for VitA storage
and production of reticular fibers in spaces of Disse. Participate in the cirrhosis.
38.:Centroacinar cells:-
Centroacinar cells are pale stained cells in the center of serous acini.Synthesize and
secrete many kinds of enzymes into the lumen of small intestine.
46.:Herring body:-
Unmyelinated nerve fibers in neurohypophysis originate from neurons of hypothalamic
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, contain neurosecretory granules. The granules often
accumulate in dilated portions when be transpoted along the axons, they were called Herring
bodies. They are light acidophilic under LM.
41.:Macula densa:-
A group of cells that derive from the distal convoluted tubule cells. Cells of macula densa
are columnar and have nuclei in their apex of cytoplasm, and their basal laminae are
incomplete. Its function is chemoreceptors pereceving the change of NA disrtal convulated
tubules.
42.:Filtrarion barrier (blood-urine filtration barrier):-
Composed of endothelia, slit membrane and basement membrane, which is about 0.1 μm thick
and derives from the fusion of the basal laminae of capillaries and podocytes. Permeable for
substances whose molecule weight are less than 70 kDa.
31. : Parietal (oxyntic) cells:
Mainly found in the body and neck parts of the glands.
LM: large, spherical in shape, acidophilic, and some may be binucleate.
EM: extensive intracellular secretory canaliculi with microvilli; numerous mitochondria;
2
, By : Dr_MARHK
microtubulovesicular system (SER).
Functions: secrete HCl formed in canaliculi, and intrinsic factor facilitating Vit B12
absorption.
32. 32.:Chief (zymogenic) cells:
Dominant cell type located in the body and base of the glands.
LM: columnar, basophilic.
EM: RER in the basal cytoplasm; zymogen granules in the apical cytoplasm.
Function: secrete pepsinogen converted by HCl to pepsin hydrolyzing proteins to small
peptides.
43: Zona glomerulosa:
Structure: Cells are arranged in clusters beneath the capsule. round clusters of
columnar cells.
Function: secrete mineralocorticoid (e.g. aldosterone), participates in electrolyte balance
activity is regulated by renin-angiotensin-system.
44.:Zona fasciculata:
Structure: Constitutes about 65% of cortex. The typical steroid-secreting cells in the
body are arranged in straight cords. Cells are large, polyhedral with acidophilic, sponge
cytoplasm.
Function: Their glucocorticoids release (e.g. Cortisol and Corticosterone), which is regulated by
ACTH, influences the protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and impairs the immune
responses.
52.:Corpus luteum:
After ovulation, the ruptured follicle collapses. then cap and CT from theca invade into
granulosa cells. At last, the cell group with temporary endocrine function is formed, under
stimulated by LH.
51.:Theca folliculi:
Form by surrounding concentric CT . develops into two layers
1=theca interna
2-theca externa
thaca interna contain theca cells which secret estrogens.
3
HISTOLOGY
KEY-POINTS
Q: EXPLAIN THE TERMS:-
39.:Nephron:-
The structural and functional unit of kidney, consisting upon renal corpus cell and renal
tubule. About 1~4 million per kidney.
40:Renal corpuscle:-
The place where the blood is filtered . Has vascular pole, where the afferent arteriole enters
and thinner efferent arteriole leaves renal corpuscle, and urinary pole, where the proximal
convoluted tubule leaves the corpuscle.
35.:Portal area:-
Presents at the corner of hepatic lobules and occupied by portal triads, the areas where
the CT contains the following 3 vessels:
1. Interlobular arteries: The branches of liver artery.
2. Interlobular veins: The branches of portal vein.
3. Interlobular bile ducts: The branches of hepatic duct.
36.:Hepatic lobule:-
Basic structural and functional unit of liver. Polygonal shape.contain a central vein and
hepatic cord.hepatic cord consist upon hepatocyte.
33:Intestinal villus:-
finger-like projections with a core of lamina propria covered by epithelium.10
34:Pancreas islet (islets of Langerhans):-
Islets have endocrine function .Cells are round or polygonal,
1
, By : Dr_MARHK
Contain three type of cell A type secret glucagon high blood pressure.
B type secrte insulin low blood pressure. C type balance A and B.and other are pp and D cell
much less.
37.:Perisinusoidal spaces (Spaces of Disse):-
Narrow spaces between endothelia and hepatocytes. 0.4µm in width. Difficult to tell under
LM. Contain plasma in which the microvilli of hepatocytes are immersed, where material
exchanges occur. Contain fat-storing cells (Ito cells), which are responsible for VitA storage
and production of reticular fibers in spaces of Disse. Participate in the cirrhosis.
38.:Centroacinar cells:-
Centroacinar cells are pale stained cells in the center of serous acini.Synthesize and
secrete many kinds of enzymes into the lumen of small intestine.
46.:Herring body:-
Unmyelinated nerve fibers in neurohypophysis originate from neurons of hypothalamic
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, contain neurosecretory granules. The granules often
accumulate in dilated portions when be transpoted along the axons, they were called Herring
bodies. They are light acidophilic under LM.
41.:Macula densa:-
A group of cells that derive from the distal convoluted tubule cells. Cells of macula densa
are columnar and have nuclei in their apex of cytoplasm, and their basal laminae are
incomplete. Its function is chemoreceptors pereceving the change of NA disrtal convulated
tubules.
42.:Filtrarion barrier (blood-urine filtration barrier):-
Composed of endothelia, slit membrane and basement membrane, which is about 0.1 μm thick
and derives from the fusion of the basal laminae of capillaries and podocytes. Permeable for
substances whose molecule weight are less than 70 kDa.
31. : Parietal (oxyntic) cells:
Mainly found in the body and neck parts of the glands.
LM: large, spherical in shape, acidophilic, and some may be binucleate.
EM: extensive intracellular secretory canaliculi with microvilli; numerous mitochondria;
2
, By : Dr_MARHK
microtubulovesicular system (SER).
Functions: secrete HCl formed in canaliculi, and intrinsic factor facilitating Vit B12
absorption.
32. 32.:Chief (zymogenic) cells:
Dominant cell type located in the body and base of the glands.
LM: columnar, basophilic.
EM: RER in the basal cytoplasm; zymogen granules in the apical cytoplasm.
Function: secrete pepsinogen converted by HCl to pepsin hydrolyzing proteins to small
peptides.
43: Zona glomerulosa:
Structure: Cells are arranged in clusters beneath the capsule. round clusters of
columnar cells.
Function: secrete mineralocorticoid (e.g. aldosterone), participates in electrolyte balance
activity is regulated by renin-angiotensin-system.
44.:Zona fasciculata:
Structure: Constitutes about 65% of cortex. The typical steroid-secreting cells in the
body are arranged in straight cords. Cells are large, polyhedral with acidophilic, sponge
cytoplasm.
Function: Their glucocorticoids release (e.g. Cortisol and Corticosterone), which is regulated by
ACTH, influences the protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and impairs the immune
responses.
52.:Corpus luteum:
After ovulation, the ruptured follicle collapses. then cap and CT from theca invade into
granulosa cells. At last, the cell group with temporary endocrine function is formed, under
stimulated by LH.
51.:Theca folliculi:
Form by surrounding concentric CT . develops into two layers
1=theca interna
2-theca externa
thaca interna contain theca cells which secret estrogens.
3
