1
,QUESTIONS
1. a. false; b. false; c. true; d. false; e. false; f; false; g. false; h. true; i. true; j. false; k. true; l. false
2. The basic commands that a computer performs are input (get data), output (display result), storage, and
performance of arithmetic and logical operations
3. Central processing unit (CPU), main memory (MM), and input/output devices.
4. Secondary storage permanently stores programs and data.
5. An operating system monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services. Some of
these services include memory management, input/output activities, and storage management.
6. The two types of programs are system programs and application programs.
7. In machine language the programs are written using the binary codes while in high-level language the
program are closer to the natural language. For execution, a high-level language program is translated
into the machine language while a machine language need not be translated into any other language.
8. A program written in a high-level language is called a source program.
9. Because the computer cannot directly execute instructions written in a high-level language, a compiler
is needed to translate a program written in high-level language into machine code.
10. A compiler reports syntax errors.
11. Every computer directly understands its own machine language. Therefore, for the computer to execute
a program written in a high-level language, the high-level language program must be translated into the
computer’s machine language.
12. Instructions in a high-level language are closer to a natural language, such as English, and therefore are
easier to understand and learn than machine language.
13. In linking an object program is combined with other programs in the library, used in the program, to
create the executable code.
14. A well-analyzed problem leads to a well-designed algorithm. Moreover, a program that is well
analyzed is easier to modify as well as spot and fix errors.
15. To find the weighted average of the four test scores, first you need to know each test score and its
weight. Next, you multiply each test score with its weight, and then add these numbers to get the
average. Therefore,
1. Get testScore1, weightTestScore1
2. Get testScore2, weightTestScore2
3. Get testScore3, weightTestScore3
4. Get testScore4, weightTestScore4
5. weightedAverage = testScore1 * weightTestScore1 +
testScore2 * weightTestScore2 +
testScore3 * weightTestScore3 +
testScore4 * weightTestScore4;
16. a. Get quarters
b. Get dimes
c. Get nickels
d. Get pennies
2
, e. changeInPennies = quarters * 25 + dimes * 10 + nickels * 5
+ pennies
17. To find the price per square inch, first we need to find the area of the pizza. Then we divide the price
of the pizza by the area of the pizza. Let radius denote the radius and area denote the area of the
circle, and price denote the price of pizza. Also, let pricePerSquareInch denote the price per
square inch.
a. Get radius
b. area = π * radius * radius
c. Get price
d. pricePerSquareInch = price / area
18. To calculate the selling price of an item, we need to know the original price (the price the store pays to
buy) of the item. We can then the use the following formula to find the selling price:
sellingPrice = (originalPrice + originalPrice × 0.80) × 0.90
The algorithm is as follows:
a. Get originalPrice
b. Calculate the sellingPrice using the formula:
sellingPrice = (originalPrice + originalPrice × 0.80) × 0.90
The information needed to calculate the selling price is the original price and the marked-up
percentage.
19. To calculate the area of a triangle using the given formula, we need to know the lengths of the
sides―a, b, and c―of the triangle. Next, we calculate s using the formula:
s = (1/2)(a + b + c)
and then calculate the area using the formula:
area = sqrt(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))
where sqrt denotes the square root.
The algorithm, therefore, is:
a. Get a, b, c
b. s = (1/2)(a + b + c)
c. area = sqrt(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))
The information needed to calculate the area of the triangle is the lengths of the sides of the triangle.
20. Suppose that billingAmount denotes the total billing amount, numOfItemsOrdered denotes the
number of items ordered, shippingAndHandlingFee denotes the shipping and handling fee, and
price denotes the price of an item. The following algorithm computes and outputs the billing
amount.
a. Enter the number of items bought.
b. Get numOfItemsOrdered
c. billingAmount = 0.0;
d. shippingAndHandlingFee = 0.0;
e. Repeat the following for each item bought.
3
,QUESTIONS
1. a. false; b. false; c. true; d. false; e. false; f; false; g. false; h. true; i. true; j. false; k. true; l. false
2. The basic commands that a computer performs are input (get data), output (display result), storage, and
performance of arithmetic and logical operations
3. Central processing unit (CPU), main memory (MM), and input/output devices.
4. Secondary storage permanently stores programs and data.
5. An operating system monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services. Some of
these services include memory management, input/output activities, and storage management.
6. The two types of programs are system programs and application programs.
7. In machine language the programs are written using the binary codes while in high-level language the
program are closer to the natural language. For execution, a high-level language program is translated
into the machine language while a machine language need not be translated into any other language.
8. A program written in a high-level language is called a source program.
9. Because the computer cannot directly execute instructions written in a high-level language, a compiler
is needed to translate a program written in high-level language into machine code.
10. A compiler reports syntax errors.
11. Every computer directly understands its own machine language. Therefore, for the computer to execute
a program written in a high-level language, the high-level language program must be translated into the
computer’s machine language.
12. Instructions in a high-level language are closer to a natural language, such as English, and therefore are
easier to understand and learn than machine language.
13. In linking an object program is combined with other programs in the library, used in the program, to
create the executable code.
14. A well-analyzed problem leads to a well-designed algorithm. Moreover, a program that is well
analyzed is easier to modify as well as spot and fix errors.
15. To find the weighted average of the four test scores, first you need to know each test score and its
weight. Next, you multiply each test score with its weight, and then add these numbers to get the
average. Therefore,
1. Get testScore1, weightTestScore1
2. Get testScore2, weightTestScore2
3. Get testScore3, weightTestScore3
4. Get testScore4, weightTestScore4
5. weightedAverage = testScore1 * weightTestScore1 +
testScore2 * weightTestScore2 +
testScore3 * weightTestScore3 +
testScore4 * weightTestScore4;
16. a. Get quarters
b. Get dimes
c. Get nickels
d. Get pennies
2
, e. changeInPennies = quarters * 25 + dimes * 10 + nickels * 5
+ pennies
17. To find the price per square inch, first we need to find the area of the pizza. Then we divide the price
of the pizza by the area of the pizza. Let radius denote the radius and area denote the area of the
circle, and price denote the price of pizza. Also, let pricePerSquareInch denote the price per
square inch.
a. Get radius
b. area = π * radius * radius
c. Get price
d. pricePerSquareInch = price / area
18. To calculate the selling price of an item, we need to know the original price (the price the store pays to
buy) of the item. We can then the use the following formula to find the selling price:
sellingPrice = (originalPrice + originalPrice × 0.80) × 0.90
The algorithm is as follows:
a. Get originalPrice
b. Calculate the sellingPrice using the formula:
sellingPrice = (originalPrice + originalPrice × 0.80) × 0.90
The information needed to calculate the selling price is the original price and the marked-up
percentage.
19. To calculate the area of a triangle using the given formula, we need to know the lengths of the
sides―a, b, and c―of the triangle. Next, we calculate s using the formula:
s = (1/2)(a + b + c)
and then calculate the area using the formula:
area = sqrt(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))
where sqrt denotes the square root.
The algorithm, therefore, is:
a. Get a, b, c
b. s = (1/2)(a + b + c)
c. area = sqrt(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))
The information needed to calculate the area of the triangle is the lengths of the sides of the triangle.
20. Suppose that billingAmount denotes the total billing amount, numOfItemsOrdered denotes the
number of items ordered, shippingAndHandlingFee denotes the shipping and handling fee, and
price denotes the price of an item. The following algorithm computes and outputs the billing
amount.
a. Enter the number of items bought.
b. Get numOfItemsOrdered
c. billingAmount = 0.0;
d. shippingAndHandlingFee = 0.0;
e. Repeat the following for each item bought.
3
