Community Health Exam I

Community Assessment, Community Diagnosis and Planning 7: Community Health Planning 5: Epidemiology 26: Communicable Diseases 4: Health Promotion and Risk Reduction 10: Health Care Systems, Politics, Policy and Legislation in Community Health Nursing 11: The Health Care System 12: Economics of Health Care Chapter 1: - Community Health Nursing  Specialty in nursing that focuses on the community + Combination of public health practice and nursing practice 1. Public Health Practice: Community organized efforts funded by State Taxes + Mission of Public Health Practice: Social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities such as income, health protection and accepts collective burden to make it possible - Everyone is equal and has access to health care 2. Nursing Practice: 3 Key Factors + Knowledge + Skill + Ability to make independent nursing decisions Winslow's Classic Definition of Public Health: 3 P'S 1. Promoting Health 2. Preventing Disease 3. Prolonging Life Public Core Functions: APA + 10 core functions, classified in 3  An example is Illinois Department of Public Health 10 Core Functions: 1. Monitor health + Assessment 2. Enforce laws + Assurance - Case review; development of reporting guidelines 3. Diagnose and investigate + Assessment - Ebola screening; use of questionnaire 4. Link to provide care + Assurance - Referral of clients to appropriate services 5. Inform, educate and empower + Policy Development - Use of mass media, hotline number, information dissemination strategies 6. Assure a competent workforce + Assurance - Training completion of identified healthcare workers, nurses, providers 7. Mobilize community partnerships + Policy Development - Collaboration with state, local or community hospitals, CDC, IDPH, etc. 8. Evaluate + Assurance - Follow-up care management; evaluation of care 9. Develop policies + Policy Development - Mandated clinical documentation in patient's records, mandated screening/questionnaire of patients 10. Research + Assurance - Diagnostics, Therapeutics, Vaccine research ongoing 3 Classifications of Public Core Functions: APA 1. Assessment 2. Policy Development 3. Assurance Indicators of Health What indicators do we use to measure health? + Characteristics of a population that can be measured 1. Morbidity: Proportion of illnesses in a population 2. Mortality: Incidence of deaths in a population Goal of Healthy People 2020: + To increase quality and years of healthy life + To eliminate health disparities Healthy People 2020 - 10-year national program + Vision: A society in which all people live long, healthy lives Overarching Goals: 1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease 2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups 3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all 4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages *** Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators *** + Access to Health Services + Clinical Preventive Services + Environmental Quality + Injury and Violence + Maternal, Infant, and Child Health + Mental Health + Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity + Oral Health + Reproductive and Sexual Health + Social Determinants + Substance Abuse + Tobacco Use Public Health + 2 components 1. Population Focused Examples: - Elderly - Male vs. Females - School-Aged Children * Look at data to know who needs the most help 2. Provision of Essential Services - What services is the community lacking? * Assess based on population chosen Community Health Nursing Essentials of Community Health Nursing: 1. Determinants of Health - Factors that influence health of community + Education + Stress + Socioeconomics + Health 2. Health Indicators - Morbidity and mortality rates + Important to look at population target groups that need help 3. Nurses - Availability of healthcare professionals *** Community Health Nursing *** - 2 different classifications 1. Community Oriented Nursing Focus of Care for Community Oriented Nursing: Aggregates (populations); high risk groups, generally healthy Primary Goal of Community Oriented Nursing: Health Promotion and disease prevention Nursing Activities Community Oriented Nursing: Usually indirect (Program management [screening, STD prevention]), Direct care of at-risk aggregates Examples of Community Oriented Nursing: - Women's Wellness Clinic + Breast screening + Pap Tests + STD screening + Diabetes Education + Depression Screening - Mental health immediate screening + Immediate screening + Direct admission + Patient education on addictive and the recovery process + Direct linkage to residential or outpatient aftercare substance abuse services + Specialized addictions treatment team + Medically managed withdrawal + Daily group counseling sessions 2. Community Based Nursing Focus of Care for Community Based Nursing: Individuals and families Primary Goal of Community Based Nursing: Management of acute or chronic conditions Nursing Activities Community Based Nursing: Direct one-on-one [home health] Examples of Community