BODY SYSTEMS IV – MIDTERM 2 (Fall 2020-2021)
1. What does anterior lobe of the pituitary consist of?
2. □ Pars nervosa
□ Neural stalk
□ Pars distalis
□ Pars tuberalis
□ Pars intermedia
3. Thyroid gland affects which of the following? (PPT Anatomy Endocrine System part 3)
A. Uterus
B. Testes
C. Bones
D. Spleen
4. Desensitization is a process, which is best describes
as? A. Reduction of hormones effect on a target cell
B. Decrease of hormones release from glands
C. Reduction of hormones production
D. Increase of hormones receptors on target cells
5. Which of the following accurately describes glucocorticoids? (Quizlet)
A. Include the steroid hormone aldosterone
B. Are produced in response to stimulation by ACTH
C. Are produced primarily by the zone glomerulosa
D. Typically enhance the immune response
6. Which of the following segments is the target of aldosterone (!!!)
A. Distal convoluted tubule and proximal collecting duct*
B. Distal (medullary) collecting duct
C. Ascending loop of Henle
D. Descending loop of Henle
E. Proximal convoluted tubule
7. Which of these hormones will pass trough a plasma membrane
and bind to hormone binding protein? (!!!)
A. Epinephrine, Insulin, TSH, Oxytocin
B. Thyroxin, Epinephrine, Cortisol, Insulin
C. Testosterone, Thyroxin, Cortisol, Estrogen
D. Thyroxin, TSH, Aldosterone, Dopamine
8. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the kidneys? (Internet)
A. Each contains 8 to 15 renal pyramids
B. They are retroperitoneal organs
C. They are localized between the third and fifth lumber vertebras
D. All of the above are true
,9. Which of the following segments is responsible for creating high osmolality in
medulla, aiding water reabsorbtion by countercurrent multiple mechanism?
(!!!)
A. Distal convoluted tubule and proximal collecting duct
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Distal (medullary) collecting duct
D. Ascending loop of Henle*
E. Descending loop of Henle
10. Glucagonoma is a malignant tumor consisting of what cells? (Junqueira’s P.438)
A. A or α cells
B. B or β cells
C. Chromophils
D. D or δ cells
E. Mucous cells
11. Which of the following designates the triangular area of the urinary bladder
between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly?
A. Internal urinary sphincter
B. Smooth muscle
C. Trigone
D. External urinary sphincter
12. The kidneys are located at which of the following? (Moore P.292)
A. Anterior abdominal wall
B. Posterior abdominal wall
C. Thoracic wall
D. Pelvic cavity
13. Which cells are sensitive to sodium concentration?
A. Juxtaglomerular cells
B. Parietal layer of bowman's capsule
C. Pedicels
D. Macula densa
E. Visceral layer of bowman's capsule
14. The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is mostly increased by: (!!!)
A. Constriction of afferent (incoming) arteriole*
B. Constriction of efferent (outcoming) arteriole
C. Dilation of afferent arteriole
D. Dilation of efferent arteriole
15. Which of these hormones will bind to surface receptors and use
second messenger to exert its function? (!!!)
A. Epinephrine, Insulin, TSH, Oxytocin
B. Thyroxin, Epinephrine, Cortisol, Insulin
C. Testosterone, Thyroxin, Cortisol, Estrogen
D. Thyroxin, TSH, Aldosterone, Dopamine
, 16. Which of these structures is crucial in preventing protein leakage into
the ultrafiltrate in the glomerulus? (!!!)
A. Macula densa
B. Podocytes
C. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D. Slit diaphragm
E. Basement membrane**
17. In heavy alcoholics body is stressed by action of alcohol and its
metabolites, as a defense mechanism Name three major
hormones that can explain these phenomena. (!!!)
A. TSH, Testosterone
B. GH, Aldosterone, Epinephrine
C. POMC, MSH, ACTH
D. Thyroxin, MSH, Aldosterone
18. Which hormone, synthesized by which structure, controls the
osmolarity of the blood?
A. ADH – posterior pituitary
B. ADH – hypothalamus
C. Aldosterone – suprarenal cortex
D. Angiotensin II – lung tissue
E. Cortisol – suprarenal
19. Epithelial cell membrane domains containing many stiffened plaques
of protein are an important feature in which part of the urinary
system?
A. Renal pyramids
B. Collecting ducts
C. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D. Bladder mucosa
E. Membranous urethra
20. Which of the following statements about ureters is true?
A. The first constriction of the ureter is localaised where the ureters
are crossed by the common iliac vessels at the pelvic brim.
B. The first constriction of the ureters are localaised at the point
of entrance to the urinary bladder wall.
C. The third constriction is localised just inferior to kidney at
the ureteropelvic junction.
D. All of the above are true
E. None of the above
21. The inferior and superior thyroid arteries supply the thyroid gland,
where do these branches come from
1. What does anterior lobe of the pituitary consist of?
2. □ Pars nervosa
□ Neural stalk
□ Pars distalis
□ Pars tuberalis
□ Pars intermedia
3. Thyroid gland affects which of the following? (PPT Anatomy Endocrine System part 3)
A. Uterus
B. Testes
C. Bones
D. Spleen
4. Desensitization is a process, which is best describes
as? A. Reduction of hormones effect on a target cell
B. Decrease of hormones release from glands
C. Reduction of hormones production
D. Increase of hormones receptors on target cells
5. Which of the following accurately describes glucocorticoids? (Quizlet)
A. Include the steroid hormone aldosterone
B. Are produced in response to stimulation by ACTH
C. Are produced primarily by the zone glomerulosa
D. Typically enhance the immune response
6. Which of the following segments is the target of aldosterone (!!!)
A. Distal convoluted tubule and proximal collecting duct*
B. Distal (medullary) collecting duct
C. Ascending loop of Henle
D. Descending loop of Henle
E. Proximal convoluted tubule
7. Which of these hormones will pass trough a plasma membrane
and bind to hormone binding protein? (!!!)
A. Epinephrine, Insulin, TSH, Oxytocin
B. Thyroxin, Epinephrine, Cortisol, Insulin
C. Testosterone, Thyroxin, Cortisol, Estrogen
D. Thyroxin, TSH, Aldosterone, Dopamine
8. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the kidneys? (Internet)
A. Each contains 8 to 15 renal pyramids
B. They are retroperitoneal organs
C. They are localized between the third and fifth lumber vertebras
D. All of the above are true
,9. Which of the following segments is responsible for creating high osmolality in
medulla, aiding water reabsorbtion by countercurrent multiple mechanism?
(!!!)
A. Distal convoluted tubule and proximal collecting duct
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Distal (medullary) collecting duct
D. Ascending loop of Henle*
E. Descending loop of Henle
10. Glucagonoma is a malignant tumor consisting of what cells? (Junqueira’s P.438)
A. A or α cells
B. B or β cells
C. Chromophils
D. D or δ cells
E. Mucous cells
11. Which of the following designates the triangular area of the urinary bladder
between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly?
A. Internal urinary sphincter
B. Smooth muscle
C. Trigone
D. External urinary sphincter
12. The kidneys are located at which of the following? (Moore P.292)
A. Anterior abdominal wall
B. Posterior abdominal wall
C. Thoracic wall
D. Pelvic cavity
13. Which cells are sensitive to sodium concentration?
A. Juxtaglomerular cells
B. Parietal layer of bowman's capsule
C. Pedicels
D. Macula densa
E. Visceral layer of bowman's capsule
14. The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is mostly increased by: (!!!)
A. Constriction of afferent (incoming) arteriole*
B. Constriction of efferent (outcoming) arteriole
C. Dilation of afferent arteriole
D. Dilation of efferent arteriole
15. Which of these hormones will bind to surface receptors and use
second messenger to exert its function? (!!!)
A. Epinephrine, Insulin, TSH, Oxytocin
B. Thyroxin, Epinephrine, Cortisol, Insulin
C. Testosterone, Thyroxin, Cortisol, Estrogen
D. Thyroxin, TSH, Aldosterone, Dopamine
, 16. Which of these structures is crucial in preventing protein leakage into
the ultrafiltrate in the glomerulus? (!!!)
A. Macula densa
B. Podocytes
C. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D. Slit diaphragm
E. Basement membrane**
17. In heavy alcoholics body is stressed by action of alcohol and its
metabolites, as a defense mechanism Name three major
hormones that can explain these phenomena. (!!!)
A. TSH, Testosterone
B. GH, Aldosterone, Epinephrine
C. POMC, MSH, ACTH
D. Thyroxin, MSH, Aldosterone
18. Which hormone, synthesized by which structure, controls the
osmolarity of the blood?
A. ADH – posterior pituitary
B. ADH – hypothalamus
C. Aldosterone – suprarenal cortex
D. Angiotensin II – lung tissue
E. Cortisol – suprarenal
19. Epithelial cell membrane domains containing many stiffened plaques
of protein are an important feature in which part of the urinary
system?
A. Renal pyramids
B. Collecting ducts
C. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
D. Bladder mucosa
E. Membranous urethra
20. Which of the following statements about ureters is true?
A. The first constriction of the ureter is localaised where the ureters
are crossed by the common iliac vessels at the pelvic brim.
B. The first constriction of the ureters are localaised at the point
of entrance to the urinary bladder wall.
C. The third constriction is localised just inferior to kidney at
the ureteropelvic junction.
D. All of the above are true
E. None of the above
21. The inferior and superior thyroid arteries supply the thyroid gland,
where do these branches come from
