PREVENTIVE, FAMILY & COMMUNITY MEDICINE
ALEJANDRO V. PINEDA JR., M
REPUBLIC ACT No. 2382: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
‗THE MEDICAL ACT OF 1959‘ Information Collection
Objectives: Trends need to be estimated in order to
a. Standardization and regulation of medical make a forecast of such information(e.g.,
education; the occurrence of vital events and presence
b. Examination for registration of physicians of certain socio-economic factors.
c. Supervision, control and regulation of the Obtained by collecting the same kind of
practice of medicine in the Philippines. information as those gathered for the
Enforcement Agencies: preceding year or years (a few years back,
1. Board of Medical Education under the usually five years ago).
Department of Education Year O - the year during which the plan is
2. Board of Medical Examiners under the being formulated.
Commissioner of Civil Service Past years are referred to as Year 1, Year 2,
Subject Exposure: Medical Education and year 3, etc.
Licensure Examination Coverage Last year (Year 4 in a 4-year plan) is the
• Public Health Planning Horizon.
• Preventive Medicine
- Community Medicine ANALYSIS OF THE HEALTH STATUS
- Family Medicine • Identification and listing of indicators/statistical
data to be used and their possible sources.
―5-STAR FAMILY PHYSICIAN‖: Philippine • Seek information, not necessarily statistical,
Academy of Family Physicians, Inc. - (PAFP), which are results of surveys or researches,
1994 special reports, etc.
―5 STAR DOCTOR: Association of Philippine • Upon collection, review of documents one by one
Medical Colleges (APMC) to select those which are most relevant.
• Health Care Provider
• Teacher / Educator Health status descriptors
• Scientist / Researcher • Leading causes of mortality
• Administrator / Manager - Leading causes of infant mortality
• Social Mobilizer ^neonatal mortality
^post-neonatal mortality
HEALTH SYSTEM PLANNING: SITUATIONAL - Leading causes of maternal mortality
ANALYSIS - Leading causes of under 5 mortality
• Leading causes of morbidity
HEALTH STATUS • Leading causes of hospital
• The product of the interaction of the admission/utilization
population, the health sector and the • Leading causes of consultation
health-related socio-economic factors.
• Its interrelationship is referred to as
the ―Health Ensemble‖
Philippine Health Picture
1993- 2013
HEALTH SYSTEM PLANNING: http://www.doh.gov.ph/statistics
Initial Step is to take a look into the status
of the different components of the health
ensemble:
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS or
DIAGNOSIS– collection of information
To describe the current health situation
- Identify the problems or gaps AND
- Seek explanations for their occurrence
To make a forecast of the future status
www.who.int/nationalpolicies/process
es/priorities/en/
, PREVENTIVE, FAMILY & COMMUNITY MEDICINE
ALEJANDRO V. PINEDA JR., M
Total population and geographical
distribution
• Informative
- percentage of urban (or rural depending on
preference) areas
- list of areas where accessibility is difficult
- If available, % of population living in
marginalized communities
Age and sex structure
• Population under 1 year
• 1 year to 5 years
• 6 years to 14 years
• 15 years to 44 years: Male, Female
• 45 years to 64 years: Male, Female
• 65 years and over : Male, Female
Population projection
• Usually provided by the demographer
• If the health administrator makes his own
Selected vital indices data (the rate population increase annually),
• Health planning requires figures about: he can consult a compound interest table
Crude birth and death rates, natural growth which will give him the value of 1
rate, infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality (representing base-line population) growing
rate, fetal death rate, maternal mortality at a given rate within a given number of
rate, and the percentage of deaths without years.
medical attendance (estimated by region
and province) Geometric growth computation:
• First basis of making a judgment of the Pt = Po (1 + r)t*
inequality in health status among - Po is the present total population
different geographical areas. - Pt is the required projection
• Special Consideration: Life expectancy at population t years from now
birth - r is the annual growth rate between
- Usually available as a national aggregate now and the next t years.
except in developed countries where
further geographical breakdowns may
have been computed
- The life expectancy is usually broken
down by sex
Disease incidence projection
• Rates of the diseases/conditions in Year-5
(or Year-3 if Year-5 data are not available)
should be obtained.
• The natural trends factors are computed,
which are then used to project the incidence
rate to the planning horizon.
Annual
average
ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION 2015- 2020-2025
population 2010-2015
• Directed towards its composition, 2020
growth rate
geographical distribution, and the (%)
differences in the magnitude of certain
selected vital indices among different 1.73 1.59 1.41
geographical areas. Projected
population 2020 2025 2030
• Provides the necessary basis for
computation of rates of disease Total 109,947,900 117,959,400125,337,500
occurrence and accomplishment of
Male 55,460,900 59,494,400 63,202,900
programs.
• From two past censuses, survey reports and Female 54,487,000 58,465,000 62,134,600
vital statistical reports. Projected
• Analysis of the socio-cultural characteristics 2020- 2025-2030
life 2015-2020
may not be carried out except if they are expectancy 2025
, PREVENTIVE, FAMILY & COMMUNITY MEDICINE
ALEJANDRO V. PINEDA JR., M
magnitude of increase to the health budget
that may reasonably be requested, and the
capacity of people to pay for health care.
• Increase in newspaper circulation, expansion
of transportation and communication
facilities, road construction, school
enrolment and literacy rate have effects on
the demand for health care and on the
effectiveness and promptness of its delivery.
• The environmental indices are equally
important especially those which depict the
degree of population coverage with safe
drinking water and services for the sanitary
disposal of excreta and refuse.
• Knowledge of the workplace environment
including industrial pollution is critical as
well.
Types of information that may be relevant
Economic indices
TYPES OF POPULATION PYRAMID Social indices
• Expansive – rapid growth Environmental Indices
Nutritional Status
• Stationary – slow growth
Economic indices
• Gross national product
• Negative growth • Gross domestic product
• Per capita national income
• Consumer price index
ANALYSIS OF RELATED SOCIO-ECONOMIC • % salaried and wage earners to total
FACTORS economically active population
• In health planning, there can be no end to • %Unemployment
the kind of socio-economic information that • Inflation Rate
may be required because so many factors
may be shown to relate to health directly or
indirectly.
• One therefore need to be very selective and
should ask only for those that would be
immediately used.
Use of socio-economic information in health
planning
• Relevant socio-economic factors are studied
to find out if these would affect the health
status including the demand for health
service, the ease or difficulty of health care
delivery, the capacity of the government to
provide more health benefits, and the ability
of the population to support their health
care. Social indices - Communication &
Transportation
Examples of Socio-economic factors • telephone/population ratio
• A shift of a country‘s agricultural policy from • % of local communities served with
tobacco production to food crops may affect information systems or computerized
smoking habits and thereafter lead to systems including data base
reduced incidence of cardiovascular • % of local communities served with such
diseases; modes of transportation as train, buses,
• Projects for the expansion of irrigation may airplanes, ships
spread the snail host of schistosomiasis to • % of local communities connected to main
more distant sites; roads
• Industrialization results to concomitant • Vehicle/population ratio; vehicles/100 miles
negative effects like environmental pollution of road
and subsequent climate change.
, PREVENTIVE, FAMILY & COMMUNITY MEDICINE
ALEJANDRO V. PINEDA JR., M
- % of enrolment in elementary
schools of age group 6-13 years
- % of enrolment in high school
(junior and senior)
*age group 14-18 years
*age group varies from one country
to another
• Ratio of primary school teachers to the
primary school population
• Ratio of primary school teachers to the
number of primary schools Nutritional Status
• Average calorie intake compared with
Social indices - Electrification minimum requirement
• % of communities with electric system • Average protein intake compared with
• % of houses with electric system minimum requirement
• Level of iron-deficiency anemia among
Social indices - Housing pregnant women
• Average people per household
• % of houses made of strong materials
• % of population living in slum areas
Environmental Indices - Safe water supply
• % of population with piped water
• % of population served by public deep wells
• % of population served with private deep
wells
Environmental Indices - Human waste
disposal
• % of population served with daily garbage
collection system
• % of communities served with sanitary
excreta disposal
Environmental Indices - Industrial waste
disposal
• Number and types of industrial concerns
with particular reference to nature of
industrial waste and the method of disposal.
• Air and water pollution index
Environmental Indices - Food
establishments
• Number of licensed food establishments
• Number of unlicensed food establishments
Sources of information
• The agency in charge of formulating the
national socio-economic development plan
• Annual reports, special surveys, and the
national development plan
• Most of the indices are readily available but
these are usually national aggregates.
ALEJANDRO V. PINEDA JR., M
REPUBLIC ACT No. 2382: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
‗THE MEDICAL ACT OF 1959‘ Information Collection
Objectives: Trends need to be estimated in order to
a. Standardization and regulation of medical make a forecast of such information(e.g.,
education; the occurrence of vital events and presence
b. Examination for registration of physicians of certain socio-economic factors.
c. Supervision, control and regulation of the Obtained by collecting the same kind of
practice of medicine in the Philippines. information as those gathered for the
Enforcement Agencies: preceding year or years (a few years back,
1. Board of Medical Education under the usually five years ago).
Department of Education Year O - the year during which the plan is
2. Board of Medical Examiners under the being formulated.
Commissioner of Civil Service Past years are referred to as Year 1, Year 2,
Subject Exposure: Medical Education and year 3, etc.
Licensure Examination Coverage Last year (Year 4 in a 4-year plan) is the
• Public Health Planning Horizon.
• Preventive Medicine
- Community Medicine ANALYSIS OF THE HEALTH STATUS
- Family Medicine • Identification and listing of indicators/statistical
data to be used and their possible sources.
―5-STAR FAMILY PHYSICIAN‖: Philippine • Seek information, not necessarily statistical,
Academy of Family Physicians, Inc. - (PAFP), which are results of surveys or researches,
1994 special reports, etc.
―5 STAR DOCTOR: Association of Philippine • Upon collection, review of documents one by one
Medical Colleges (APMC) to select those which are most relevant.
• Health Care Provider
• Teacher / Educator Health status descriptors
• Scientist / Researcher • Leading causes of mortality
• Administrator / Manager - Leading causes of infant mortality
• Social Mobilizer ^neonatal mortality
^post-neonatal mortality
HEALTH SYSTEM PLANNING: SITUATIONAL - Leading causes of maternal mortality
ANALYSIS - Leading causes of under 5 mortality
• Leading causes of morbidity
HEALTH STATUS • Leading causes of hospital
• The product of the interaction of the admission/utilization
population, the health sector and the • Leading causes of consultation
health-related socio-economic factors.
• Its interrelationship is referred to as
the ―Health Ensemble‖
Philippine Health Picture
1993- 2013
HEALTH SYSTEM PLANNING: http://www.doh.gov.ph/statistics
Initial Step is to take a look into the status
of the different components of the health
ensemble:
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS or
DIAGNOSIS– collection of information
To describe the current health situation
- Identify the problems or gaps AND
- Seek explanations for their occurrence
To make a forecast of the future status
www.who.int/nationalpolicies/process
es/priorities/en/
, PREVENTIVE, FAMILY & COMMUNITY MEDICINE
ALEJANDRO V. PINEDA JR., M
Total population and geographical
distribution
• Informative
- percentage of urban (or rural depending on
preference) areas
- list of areas where accessibility is difficult
- If available, % of population living in
marginalized communities
Age and sex structure
• Population under 1 year
• 1 year to 5 years
• 6 years to 14 years
• 15 years to 44 years: Male, Female
• 45 years to 64 years: Male, Female
• 65 years and over : Male, Female
Population projection
• Usually provided by the demographer
• If the health administrator makes his own
Selected vital indices data (the rate population increase annually),
• Health planning requires figures about: he can consult a compound interest table
Crude birth and death rates, natural growth which will give him the value of 1
rate, infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality (representing base-line population) growing
rate, fetal death rate, maternal mortality at a given rate within a given number of
rate, and the percentage of deaths without years.
medical attendance (estimated by region
and province) Geometric growth computation:
• First basis of making a judgment of the Pt = Po (1 + r)t*
inequality in health status among - Po is the present total population
different geographical areas. - Pt is the required projection
• Special Consideration: Life expectancy at population t years from now
birth - r is the annual growth rate between
- Usually available as a national aggregate now and the next t years.
except in developed countries where
further geographical breakdowns may
have been computed
- The life expectancy is usually broken
down by sex
Disease incidence projection
• Rates of the diseases/conditions in Year-5
(or Year-3 if Year-5 data are not available)
should be obtained.
• The natural trends factors are computed,
which are then used to project the incidence
rate to the planning horizon.
Annual
average
ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION 2015- 2020-2025
population 2010-2015
• Directed towards its composition, 2020
growth rate
geographical distribution, and the (%)
differences in the magnitude of certain
selected vital indices among different 1.73 1.59 1.41
geographical areas. Projected
population 2020 2025 2030
• Provides the necessary basis for
computation of rates of disease Total 109,947,900 117,959,400125,337,500
occurrence and accomplishment of
Male 55,460,900 59,494,400 63,202,900
programs.
• From two past censuses, survey reports and Female 54,487,000 58,465,000 62,134,600
vital statistical reports. Projected
• Analysis of the socio-cultural characteristics 2020- 2025-2030
life 2015-2020
may not be carried out except if they are expectancy 2025
, PREVENTIVE, FAMILY & COMMUNITY MEDICINE
ALEJANDRO V. PINEDA JR., M
magnitude of increase to the health budget
that may reasonably be requested, and the
capacity of people to pay for health care.
• Increase in newspaper circulation, expansion
of transportation and communication
facilities, road construction, school
enrolment and literacy rate have effects on
the demand for health care and on the
effectiveness and promptness of its delivery.
• The environmental indices are equally
important especially those which depict the
degree of population coverage with safe
drinking water and services for the sanitary
disposal of excreta and refuse.
• Knowledge of the workplace environment
including industrial pollution is critical as
well.
Types of information that may be relevant
Economic indices
TYPES OF POPULATION PYRAMID Social indices
• Expansive – rapid growth Environmental Indices
Nutritional Status
• Stationary – slow growth
Economic indices
• Gross national product
• Negative growth • Gross domestic product
• Per capita national income
• Consumer price index
ANALYSIS OF RELATED SOCIO-ECONOMIC • % salaried and wage earners to total
FACTORS economically active population
• In health planning, there can be no end to • %Unemployment
the kind of socio-economic information that • Inflation Rate
may be required because so many factors
may be shown to relate to health directly or
indirectly.
• One therefore need to be very selective and
should ask only for those that would be
immediately used.
Use of socio-economic information in health
planning
• Relevant socio-economic factors are studied
to find out if these would affect the health
status including the demand for health
service, the ease or difficulty of health care
delivery, the capacity of the government to
provide more health benefits, and the ability
of the population to support their health
care. Social indices - Communication &
Transportation
Examples of Socio-economic factors • telephone/population ratio
• A shift of a country‘s agricultural policy from • % of local communities served with
tobacco production to food crops may affect information systems or computerized
smoking habits and thereafter lead to systems including data base
reduced incidence of cardiovascular • % of local communities served with such
diseases; modes of transportation as train, buses,
• Projects for the expansion of irrigation may airplanes, ships
spread the snail host of schistosomiasis to • % of local communities connected to main
more distant sites; roads
• Industrialization results to concomitant • Vehicle/population ratio; vehicles/100 miles
negative effects like environmental pollution of road
and subsequent climate change.
, PREVENTIVE, FAMILY & COMMUNITY MEDICINE
ALEJANDRO V. PINEDA JR., M
- % of enrolment in elementary
schools of age group 6-13 years
- % of enrolment in high school
(junior and senior)
*age group 14-18 years
*age group varies from one country
to another
• Ratio of primary school teachers to the
primary school population
• Ratio of primary school teachers to the
number of primary schools Nutritional Status
• Average calorie intake compared with
Social indices - Electrification minimum requirement
• % of communities with electric system • Average protein intake compared with
• % of houses with electric system minimum requirement
• Level of iron-deficiency anemia among
Social indices - Housing pregnant women
• Average people per household
• % of houses made of strong materials
• % of population living in slum areas
Environmental Indices - Safe water supply
• % of population with piped water
• % of population served by public deep wells
• % of population served with private deep
wells
Environmental Indices - Human waste
disposal
• % of population served with daily garbage
collection system
• % of communities served with sanitary
excreta disposal
Environmental Indices - Industrial waste
disposal
• Number and types of industrial concerns
with particular reference to nature of
industrial waste and the method of disposal.
• Air and water pollution index
Environmental Indices - Food
establishments
• Number of licensed food establishments
• Number of unlicensed food establishments
Sources of information
• The agency in charge of formulating the
national socio-economic development plan
• Annual reports, special surveys, and the
national development plan
• Most of the indices are readily available but
these are usually national aggregates.
