NCLEX-RN Practice Questions Set 10
(75 Questions)
1. 1. Question
The nurse should visit which of the following clients first?
o A. The client with diabetes with a blood glucose of
95mg/dL
o B. The client with hypertension being maintained on
Lisinopril
o C. The client with chest pain and a history of
angina
o D. The client with Raynaud’s disease
Correct Answer: C. The client with chest pain and a
history of angina
The client with chest pain should be seen first because this could
indicate a myocardial infarction. Despite many advances in
treatment, acute MI still carries a mortality rate of 5-30%; the
majority of deaths occur prior to arrival to the hospital. In
addition, within the first year after an MI, there is an additional
mortality rate of 5% to 12%. The overall prognosis depends on
the extent of heart muscle damage and ejection fraction.
Option A: The client in answer A has blood glucose
within normal limits. The diagnosis of T1DM is usually
through a characteristic history supported by elevated
serum glucose levels (fasting glucose greater than 126
mg/dL, random glucose over 200 mg/dL, or
hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c exceeding 6.5%) with or
without antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase
(GAD) and insulin.
Option B: The client in this option is maintained on
blood pressure medication. Pharmacological therapy
consists of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
(ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), diuretics
(usually thiazides), calcium channel blockers (CCBs),
, and beta-blockers (BBs), which are instituted taking
into account age, race, and comorbidities such as
presence of renal dysfunction, LV dysfunction, heart
failure, and cerebrovascular disease. JNC-8, ACC, and
ESC/ ESH have their separate recommendations for
pharmacological management.
Option D: The client in answer D is in no distress. In
Raynaud phenomenon, blood-flow restriction occurs
during cold temperatures and emotional stress.
Specifically, in Raynaud phenomenon, there is
vasoconstriction of the digital arteries and cutaneous
arterioles.
2. 2. Question
A client with cystic fibrosis is taking pancreatic enzymes. The
nurse should administer this medication:
A. Once per day in the morning
B. Three times per day with meals
C. Once per day at bedtime
D. Four times per day
Correct Answer: B. Three times per day with meals
Pancreatic enzymes should be given with meals for optimal
effects. These enzymes assist the body in digesting needed
nutrients. Chronic, supportive therapy for patients with CF
includes regular pancreatic enzymes, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D,
E, K), mucolytics, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and anti-
inflammatory agents.
Option A: A new class of medications known as CFTR
modulator therapies is designed to correct the
dysfunction by improving production, intracellular
processing, or function of the CFTR protein caused by
the mutated gene. Each medication is targeted at a
specific dysfunction caused by a specific gene
mutation.
Option C: Individuals with CF are encouraged to
consume a high-fat diet with supplemental fat-soluble
, vitamins to compensate for malabsorption.
Additionally, patients living with CF are encouraged to
consume a high-calorie diet to maintain a healthy
weight and combat chronic inflammation and frequent
infections that are commonly encountered.
Option D: According to the Cystic Fibrosis
Foundation, women should consume 2500 to 3000
calories a day, while men should consume 3000 to
3700 calories a day. Those living in hot climates or
who participate in activities that cause sweating are
encouraged to consume additional sodium in their
diet.
3. 3. Question
Cataracts result in the opacity of the crystalline lens. Which of the
following best explains the functions of the lens?
A. The lens controls stimulation of the retina.
B. The lens orchestrates eye movement.
C. The lens focuses light rays on the retina.
D. The lens magnifies small objects.
Correct Answer: C. The lens focuses light rays on the
retina.
The lens allows light to pass through the pupil and focus light on
the retina. The lens is a curved structure in the eye that bends
light and focuses it for the retina to help you see images clearly.
The crystalline lens, a clear disk behind the iris, is flexible and
changes shape to help you see objects at varying distances.
Option A: Retinal tissue is stimulated by light but also
responds to mechanical disturbances. Flashing lights
usually are caused by separation of the posterior
vitreous. As the vitreous gel separates from the retina,
it stimulates the retinal tissue mechanically, resulting
in the release of phosphenes and the sensation of
light.
Option B: Because only a small portion of the retina,
the fovea, is actually employed for distinct vision, it is
, vitally important that the motor apparatus governing
the direction of gaze be extremely precise in its
operation, and rapid.
Option D: The lens works much like a camera lens,
bending and focusing light to produce a clear image.
The crystalline lens is a convex lens that creates an
inverted image focused on the retina. The brain flips
the image back to normal to create what you see
around you. In a process called accommodation, the
elasticity of the crystalline lens allows you to focus on
images at far distances and near with minimal
disruption.
4. 4. Question
A client who has glaucoma is to have miotic eye drops instilled in
both eyes. The nurse knows that the purpose of the medication is
to:
A. Anesthetize the cornea
B. Dilate the pupils
C. Constrict the pupils
D. Paralyze the muscles of accommodation
Correct Answer: C. Constrict the pupils
Miotic eye drops constrict the pupil and allow aqueous humor to
drain out of the Canal of Schlemm. Pilocarpine is a muscarinic
acetylcholine agonist that is effective in the treatment and
management of acute angle-closure glaucoma and radiation-
induced xerostomia. Although not a first-line treatment for
glaucoma, it is useful as an adjunct medication in the form of
ophthalmic drops.
Option A: The cornea and conjunctiva can be
anesthetized by drops of any of the local anesthetics.
Bupivacaine, for example, is effective as an eyedrop.
Bupivacaine is a potent local anesthetic with unique
characteristics from the amide group of local
anesthetics, first discovered in 1957. Local anesthetics
are used in regional anesthesia, epidural anesthesia,
(75 Questions)
1. 1. Question
The nurse should visit which of the following clients first?
o A. The client with diabetes with a blood glucose of
95mg/dL
o B. The client with hypertension being maintained on
Lisinopril
o C. The client with chest pain and a history of
angina
o D. The client with Raynaud’s disease
Correct Answer: C. The client with chest pain and a
history of angina
The client with chest pain should be seen first because this could
indicate a myocardial infarction. Despite many advances in
treatment, acute MI still carries a mortality rate of 5-30%; the
majority of deaths occur prior to arrival to the hospital. In
addition, within the first year after an MI, there is an additional
mortality rate of 5% to 12%. The overall prognosis depends on
the extent of heart muscle damage and ejection fraction.
Option A: The client in answer A has blood glucose
within normal limits. The diagnosis of T1DM is usually
through a characteristic history supported by elevated
serum glucose levels (fasting glucose greater than 126
mg/dL, random glucose over 200 mg/dL, or
hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c exceeding 6.5%) with or
without antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase
(GAD) and insulin.
Option B: The client in this option is maintained on
blood pressure medication. Pharmacological therapy
consists of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
(ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), diuretics
(usually thiazides), calcium channel blockers (CCBs),
, and beta-blockers (BBs), which are instituted taking
into account age, race, and comorbidities such as
presence of renal dysfunction, LV dysfunction, heart
failure, and cerebrovascular disease. JNC-8, ACC, and
ESC/ ESH have their separate recommendations for
pharmacological management.
Option D: The client in answer D is in no distress. In
Raynaud phenomenon, blood-flow restriction occurs
during cold temperatures and emotional stress.
Specifically, in Raynaud phenomenon, there is
vasoconstriction of the digital arteries and cutaneous
arterioles.
2. 2. Question
A client with cystic fibrosis is taking pancreatic enzymes. The
nurse should administer this medication:
A. Once per day in the morning
B. Three times per day with meals
C. Once per day at bedtime
D. Four times per day
Correct Answer: B. Three times per day with meals
Pancreatic enzymes should be given with meals for optimal
effects. These enzymes assist the body in digesting needed
nutrients. Chronic, supportive therapy for patients with CF
includes regular pancreatic enzymes, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D,
E, K), mucolytics, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and anti-
inflammatory agents.
Option A: A new class of medications known as CFTR
modulator therapies is designed to correct the
dysfunction by improving production, intracellular
processing, or function of the CFTR protein caused by
the mutated gene. Each medication is targeted at a
specific dysfunction caused by a specific gene
mutation.
Option C: Individuals with CF are encouraged to
consume a high-fat diet with supplemental fat-soluble
, vitamins to compensate for malabsorption.
Additionally, patients living with CF are encouraged to
consume a high-calorie diet to maintain a healthy
weight and combat chronic inflammation and frequent
infections that are commonly encountered.
Option D: According to the Cystic Fibrosis
Foundation, women should consume 2500 to 3000
calories a day, while men should consume 3000 to
3700 calories a day. Those living in hot climates or
who participate in activities that cause sweating are
encouraged to consume additional sodium in their
diet.
3. 3. Question
Cataracts result in the opacity of the crystalline lens. Which of the
following best explains the functions of the lens?
A. The lens controls stimulation of the retina.
B. The lens orchestrates eye movement.
C. The lens focuses light rays on the retina.
D. The lens magnifies small objects.
Correct Answer: C. The lens focuses light rays on the
retina.
The lens allows light to pass through the pupil and focus light on
the retina. The lens is a curved structure in the eye that bends
light and focuses it for the retina to help you see images clearly.
The crystalline lens, a clear disk behind the iris, is flexible and
changes shape to help you see objects at varying distances.
Option A: Retinal tissue is stimulated by light but also
responds to mechanical disturbances. Flashing lights
usually are caused by separation of the posterior
vitreous. As the vitreous gel separates from the retina,
it stimulates the retinal tissue mechanically, resulting
in the release of phosphenes and the sensation of
light.
Option B: Because only a small portion of the retina,
the fovea, is actually employed for distinct vision, it is
, vitally important that the motor apparatus governing
the direction of gaze be extremely precise in its
operation, and rapid.
Option D: The lens works much like a camera lens,
bending and focusing light to produce a clear image.
The crystalline lens is a convex lens that creates an
inverted image focused on the retina. The brain flips
the image back to normal to create what you see
around you. In a process called accommodation, the
elasticity of the crystalline lens allows you to focus on
images at far distances and near with minimal
disruption.
4. 4. Question
A client who has glaucoma is to have miotic eye drops instilled in
both eyes. The nurse knows that the purpose of the medication is
to:
A. Anesthetize the cornea
B. Dilate the pupils
C. Constrict the pupils
D. Paralyze the muscles of accommodation
Correct Answer: C. Constrict the pupils
Miotic eye drops constrict the pupil and allow aqueous humor to
drain out of the Canal of Schlemm. Pilocarpine is a muscarinic
acetylcholine agonist that is effective in the treatment and
management of acute angle-closure glaucoma and radiation-
induced xerostomia. Although not a first-line treatment for
glaucoma, it is useful as an adjunct medication in the form of
ophthalmic drops.
Option A: The cornea and conjunctiva can be
anesthetized by drops of any of the local anesthetics.
Bupivacaine, for example, is effective as an eyedrop.
Bupivacaine is a potent local anesthetic with unique
characteristics from the amide group of local
anesthetics, first discovered in 1957. Local anesthetics
are used in regional anesthesia, epidural anesthesia,
