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Tuberculosis

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Infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Artículo de revisión.

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INFECTOLOGÍA




TUBERCULOSIS
Dr. Carlos Arturo Padilla Delgado,
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. México. 2022.




1

, INFECTOLOGÍA




Diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar 4
Criterio clínico 4
Historia natural de la enfermedad 4
Primoinfección 4
Tuberculosis primaria progresiva 5
Tuberculosis post-primaria 5
Formas clínicas 6

Criterios radiológicos 6
Primoinfección 7
Tb primaria progresiva 9
Tb post-primaria 10

Criterio epidemiológico 14
COMBE 14

Criterio microbiológico 14
Baciloscopía (BK) 14
Cultivo 15

Criterio inmunológico 16
Interpretación PPD adultos 16
Efecto booster: Método del segundo escalón. 17
Nuevos métodos de inmunodiagnóstico 18

2.3.2 Tratamiento de Tuberculosis pulmonar 19
Antituberculosos 19
Esquema 20

Tuberculosis congénita 20
Respuesta terapéutica 21
Baciloscopía como prueba de monitorización de respuesta terapéutica 21
Estudio epidemiológico de los contactos 22



2

, INFECTOLOGÍA



2.3.3 Tuberculosis extra-pulmonar 24
Generalidades 24
De nición 24
Epidemiología 24

Tuberculosis ganglionar 25
Tuberculosis meníngea 27
Tuberculosis ósea 30
Tuberculosis pleural 31
Tuberculosis renal 32
Otras formas infrecuentes de tuberculosis extrapulmonar 32

Referencias bibliográ cas 33




3


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, INFECTOLOGÍA




DIAGNÓSTICO DE TUBERCULOSIS PULMONAR

Criterio clínico

Historia natural de la enfermedad




Primoinfección

Tabla 1. Características de la primoinfección de Tb pulmonar

Resistencia natural Auto-limitación con curación espontánea

Condicionada por factores:
• Intrínsecos: Edad, genética, estado inmune Latencia de nitiva: >95%.
• Extrínsecos: Cantidad de inóculo Limitación de infección:
• Ocasional: Malestar general, anorexia, fatiga,
pérdida de peso, escalofríos, ebre, sudoración
nocturna, tos con o sin expectoración.
• Raro: Eritema nudoso, adenopatías,
expectoración purulenta.
• Radiografía puede ser normal/PPD +.




4


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