The third scientific and technical revolution.
Post-industrial civilization
• Stages of modern scientific and technological revolution
• Transition to post-industrial civilization
1. Stages of modern scientific and technological revolution
A huge impact on the development of the national economy of the
countries of the world in the second half of the 20th century. provided the third
scientific and technological revolution (NTR). Its midwife can be considered the
Second World War, during which the warring countries created fundamentally
new systems of weapons and military equipment: the atomic bomb, jet aircraft,
jet mortar, the first tactical missiles, etc. These are the fruits of applied R&D of
numerous top-secret military institutes and design bureaus, which, for obvious
reasons, were instantly introduced into production, initially set the direction for
the third scientific and technological revolution.
The prerequisites for scientific and technological revolution were created
by the scientific discoveries of the first half of the 20th century, in particular: in
the field of nuclear physics and quantum mechanics, the achievements of
cybernetics, microbiology, biochemistry, polymer chemistry, as well as the
optimally high technical level of development of production, which was is ready
to realize these achievements. Thus, science began to turn into a direct
productive force, which is a characteristic feature of the third scientific and
technological revolution.
Scientific and technological revolution has an all-embracing character,
influencing all spheres not only of economic life, but also of politics, ideology, way
of life, spiritual culture, and people's psychology.
It is generally accepted that the scientific and technological revolution has
gone through two stages: the first - from the mid-1940s to the 1960s, the second -
from the 1970s. and to the present. Such a division into stages is accepted for the
convenience of studying this global phenomenon that has transformed the
world.The border between the two stages of the third scientific and technological
revolution is considered to be the creation and introduction of fourth-generation
, computers into the national economy, on the basis of which complex automation
was completed and the transition to a new technological state of all sectors of the
economy began.
Achievements of NTR. For a more visual representation of the third
scientific and technological revolution, we will give a brief chronology of its
discoveries and inventions.
First stage.
40s - television, transistors, computers, radar, rockets, atomic bomb,
synthetic fibers, penicillin;
50s - hydrogen bomb, artificial satellites of the Earth, jet passenger aircraft,
electric power plant based on a nuclear reactor, machine tools with numerical
control (CNC);
60s – lasers, integrated circuits, communication satellites, express trains.
Second phase.
70s - microprocessors, fiber-optic transmission of information, industrial
robots, biotechnology;
80s – ultra-large and bulk integrated circuits, heavy-duty ceramics, fifth-
generation computers, genetic engineering, thermonuclear fusion.
One of the most important incentives for the accelerated development of
scientific and technological progress and the introduction of its achievements into
production was the desire of national corporations in the new, post-war
conditions of international and domestic competition to ensure a steady increase
in the profitability of production.
The imperial ambitions of the USA and the USSR, the long-term
confrontation between the two military blocs during the Cold War period played
an important role in the development of the scientific and technological
revolution.In an arms race of unprecedented scale, a stake was placed on
technological superiority, the creation and improvement of new types of weapons
of mass destruction. Following the USA, the USSR creates its own nuclear
weapons, which are not inferior to the American ones. These are strategic,
continental bombers, ballistic intercontinental and medium-range missiles, which
revolutionized military affairs, creating the conditions for our country to launch
Post-industrial civilization
• Stages of modern scientific and technological revolution
• Transition to post-industrial civilization
1. Stages of modern scientific and technological revolution
A huge impact on the development of the national economy of the
countries of the world in the second half of the 20th century. provided the third
scientific and technological revolution (NTR). Its midwife can be considered the
Second World War, during which the warring countries created fundamentally
new systems of weapons and military equipment: the atomic bomb, jet aircraft,
jet mortar, the first tactical missiles, etc. These are the fruits of applied R&D of
numerous top-secret military institutes and design bureaus, which, for obvious
reasons, were instantly introduced into production, initially set the direction for
the third scientific and technological revolution.
The prerequisites for scientific and technological revolution were created
by the scientific discoveries of the first half of the 20th century, in particular: in
the field of nuclear physics and quantum mechanics, the achievements of
cybernetics, microbiology, biochemistry, polymer chemistry, as well as the
optimally high technical level of development of production, which was is ready
to realize these achievements. Thus, science began to turn into a direct
productive force, which is a characteristic feature of the third scientific and
technological revolution.
Scientific and technological revolution has an all-embracing character,
influencing all spheres not only of economic life, but also of politics, ideology, way
of life, spiritual culture, and people's psychology.
It is generally accepted that the scientific and technological revolution has
gone through two stages: the first - from the mid-1940s to the 1960s, the second -
from the 1970s. and to the present. Such a division into stages is accepted for the
convenience of studying this global phenomenon that has transformed the
world.The border between the two stages of the third scientific and technological
revolution is considered to be the creation and introduction of fourth-generation
, computers into the national economy, on the basis of which complex automation
was completed and the transition to a new technological state of all sectors of the
economy began.
Achievements of NTR. For a more visual representation of the third
scientific and technological revolution, we will give a brief chronology of its
discoveries and inventions.
First stage.
40s - television, transistors, computers, radar, rockets, atomic bomb,
synthetic fibers, penicillin;
50s - hydrogen bomb, artificial satellites of the Earth, jet passenger aircraft,
electric power plant based on a nuclear reactor, machine tools with numerical
control (CNC);
60s – lasers, integrated circuits, communication satellites, express trains.
Second phase.
70s - microprocessors, fiber-optic transmission of information, industrial
robots, biotechnology;
80s – ultra-large and bulk integrated circuits, heavy-duty ceramics, fifth-
generation computers, genetic engineering, thermonuclear fusion.
One of the most important incentives for the accelerated development of
scientific and technological progress and the introduction of its achievements into
production was the desire of national corporations in the new, post-war
conditions of international and domestic competition to ensure a steady increase
in the profitability of production.
The imperial ambitions of the USA and the USSR, the long-term
confrontation between the two military blocs during the Cold War period played
an important role in the development of the scientific and technological
revolution.In an arms race of unprecedented scale, a stake was placed on
technological superiority, the creation and improvement of new types of weapons
of mass destruction. Following the USA, the USSR creates its own nuclear
weapons, which are not inferior to the American ones. These are strategic,
continental bombers, ballistic intercontinental and medium-range missiles, which
revolutionized military affairs, creating the conditions for our country to launch
