HESI A2 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

HESI A2 REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory? Pharynx. Golgi apparatus functions as? Process protein secretion. Synthesize carbs and glycoproteins. 1. How many carbs per gram do carbohydrates contain? 4. 2. When water molecules move across cell membrane from high to low concentration this process is called? Osmosis. 3. What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body? Body becomes more acidic. 4. What part of the body is the lower back? Lumbar. 5. High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest? Potassium. 6. What blood vessel prefuses the kidney? Renal vein. 7. Which gland is located on the anterior surface of the trachea? Thyroid gland. 8. In white blood cells what contributes to phagocytosis? Macrophages, neutrophils. 9. What structure of the eye picks out color? Retina. 10. What is the outer most protective layer of the skin? Epidermis. 11. The organ of corti is located in? Ear. 12. Where in the body are nutrients absorbed? Small intestine. 13. What cell structure regulates the transportation of substances in and out the cell? Plasma membrane. 14. The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to? Synthesize protein. 15. Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in? Protein. 16. What is the definition of chyme? Bolus that turns into soupy substance. 17. What are hormones? Chemical messengers. 18. What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, and progesterone? Ovaries. 19. What structure is located in the upper airways? Nose and pharynx. 20. What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules? Cilia. 21. Which is a hollow organ? Gall bladder. 22. Which muscle is included in the quadriceps femoris group? Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, vastus medilis, and vastus intermedius. 23. Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function? Medulla oblongata. 24. Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland? ADH and OT. 25. Client has a large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect? Head hurt, sickness, and low blood pressure. 26. What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system's stimulation is increased? Blood pressure rises, goose bumps. 27. The buttocks are which surface of the body? Dorsal. 28. The esophagus is located in which body cavity? Thoracic. 29. The tympanic membrane is located between which structures? External auditory canal and middle ear. 30. How many days is the average menstrual cycle? 28 days. 31. Which structure produces T-lymphocytes? Thymus. 32. A person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area? Inability to adduct arms and finger. 33. Calcaneus is located in? Foot. 34. Urinary system in the human body primary task is to? Expel waste. 35. Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy? Corpus lutetium. 36. What are fingerprints made of? Friction Ridges dac. 37. ABCD of cancer? Melanoma. 38. Which of the following location would the urinary bladder & internal reproductive organ be found? Pelvic region. 39. Which one increases angle at the joint? Extensor. 40. What's the order of organization of living things? Organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere. 41. What bones are formed first during intramembraneous ossification? Flat bone of face and cranial. 42. Which hormone is released by the posterior lobe? Oxytocin. 43. Where does an infant get its blood after birth? Bone marrow. 44. Put bone remodeling steps in order: Hematoma, formation of callus, ossification of callus, remodeling. 45. What is the largest chamber of the heart? Left ventricle 46. Cellular contact is important for? Wound healing 47. What are the bones of the forearm? radius and ulna 48. Broken humerus adolescent Classified as a proximal fracture or a shaft fracture 49. Deviated septum occurs during fetal devolpment ... ... Abstain To voluntary refrain from something. Ex: The dental hygienist instructed the patient to abstain from smoking to improve his breath odor. Acute Sudden, intense. Ex: The nurse administered the prescribed pain medication to the patient who was experiencing acute pain after surgery. Adhere To hold fast or stick together. Ex: The tape must adhere to the patient's skin to hold the bandage in place. Adverse Undesired, possibly harmful. Ex: Vomiting is an adverse effect of many medications. Aegis Control, protection. Ex: Unit staffing decisions are under the aegis of the nurse manager. Ambivalent Uncertain, having contradictory feelings. Ex: After learning that she had breast cancer, the patient was ambivalent about having a mastectomy. Assent To give consent; to agree. Ex: The patient was asked to assent to the surgery by signing the informed consent document. Audible Able to be heard. Ex: The respiratory therapist noted the patient's audible wheezing as a symptom of the patient's asthma. Bacteria Single-celled, microscopic organisms. Ex: The physician ordered a laboratory test to confirm that the patient's illness was caused by bacteria rather than a virus. Bilateral Present on two sides. Ex: The unlicensed assistive personnel reported to the nurse that the patient had bilateral weakness in the legs when walking. Cavity An opening or an empty area. Ex: The nurse inspected the patient's oral cavity for lesions. Cease Come to an end. Ex: Because the patient's breathing had ceased, the paramedic began resuscitation measures. Compensatory Offsetting or making up for something. Ex: When the patient's blood pressure decreased, the paramedic noted that the heart rate increased, which the paramedic recognized as a compensatory action. Concave Rounded inward. Ex: The dietician noticed that the patient was very thin and that the patient's abdomen appeared concave. Concise Brief, to the point. Ex: When teaching a patient, the nurse tried to be concise so that the instructions would be easy to remember. Consistency Degree of viscosity; how thick or thin a fluid is. Ex: The respiratory therapist notices that the mucus the patient was coughing was of a thin, watery consistency. Constrict To come together or become smaller. Ex: The nurse knows that the small blood vessels of the skin will constrict when ice is applied to the skin. Contingent Dependent. Ex: The hygienist told the patient that a healthy mouth is contingent on careful daily brushing and flossing. Contraindication A reason something should not be done. Ex: The patient's excessive bleeding was a contraindication for discharge from the hospital. Convulsive Violent shaking of the body. Ex: Epilepsy is a convulsive disorder. Cursory Quick, perfunctory (minimum of effort), not thorough. Ex: During triage, the paramedic gave each accident victim a cursory examination. Depress Press downward. Ex: The nurse will depress the patient's skin to see if any swelling is present. Depth Downward measurement from a surface. Ex: The physician measures the depth of a wound by inserting a cotton swab into the wound. Diagnosis Identification of an injury or disease. Ex: The patient received a diagnosis of pancreatitis. Dilute To make a liquid less concentrated. Ex: The pharmacy technician suggests that the patient use fruit juice to dilute a foul-tasting drug so that the medication will be easier to swallow. Discrete Distinct, separate. Ex: The paramedic observed several discrete bruise marks on the patients body. Distended Enlarged or expanded from pressure. Ex: When a blood vessel is distended, the laboratory technician can easily insert a needle to obtain a blood sample. Etiology The origin or cause of a disease. Ex: The nurse interviewed the patient to determine the etiology of the patient's food poisoning. Exacerbate To make worse or more severe. Ex: The physical therapist recognized that too much exercise would exacerbate the patient's breathing condition. Extension Lengthening; unbending a joint. Ex: The physical therapist helped the patient perform extension and flexion exercises. Fatal Resulting in death. Ex: The emergency medical technicians arrived too late to save any lives at the scene of the fatal car accident. Flexion Bending a joint. Ex: Arthritis can make flexion of the fingers difficult. Flushed Reddened or ruddy appearance. Ex: The therapist observed that the patient's face was flushed after the patient completed the exercises. Gastrointestinal Relating to the stomach and intestines. Ex: The patient was diagnosed with a gastrointestinal disease. Hematologic Relating to blood.