ATI Med-Surg proctored Exam
5 stages of medication administration
-liberation
-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
liberation
medication dissolves into fluids
liberation process
dosage form goes from capsule/tablet into active form that is dissolved in the GI tract so it can be transported into
blood
generally half an hour
absorption
process where meds are transferred from site to circulating fluids (blood, lymph)
enteral
medication administered directly through GI tract
-oral, rectal, nasogastric, nasojejunal
parenteral
bypass the GI tract
-subcutaneous(skin)
-intramuscular(muscle)
-intravenous(vein)
percutaneous
1
, ATI Med-Surg proctored Exam
through skin & mucus
-inhalation
-sublingual (under tongue)
-topical (on the skin)
-eye, ear, nose, drops
pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
half-life of drug
Time it takes for a drug to decrease in amount by half
what does rate of absorption depend on?
rate of blood flow
polypharmacy
multiple drug therapy required by chronic illness
gastric pH
less than or equal to 4
gastrointestinal absorption influenced by
-gastric pH
-gastric emptying time
-enzymatic activity
-blood flow of mucous lining and intestines
distribution
2
, ATI Med-Surg proctored Exam
how the medication is circulated by the body fluids (generally blood) to the site of action
fat soluble
absorbed, stored, and transported in fat
water soluble
dissolve in water, move easily into bloodstream, can't be stored in the body
organs that receive medications faster because of extensive blood supply
-brain
-heart
-liver
-kidneys
areas that receive medication slower because of less extensive blood supply
-muscle
-skin
-fat
distribution depends on what two factors
-protein binding
-lipid solubility
protein binding
the ability of certain drugs to bind to plasma protein
albumin
protein in blood that medication attaches to
drugs that use fat
-antidepressants
-phenothiazines
3
5 stages of medication administration
-liberation
-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
liberation
medication dissolves into fluids
liberation process
dosage form goes from capsule/tablet into active form that is dissolved in the GI tract so it can be transported into
blood
generally half an hour
absorption
process where meds are transferred from site to circulating fluids (blood, lymph)
enteral
medication administered directly through GI tract
-oral, rectal, nasogastric, nasojejunal
parenteral
bypass the GI tract
-subcutaneous(skin)
-intramuscular(muscle)
-intravenous(vein)
percutaneous
1
, ATI Med-Surg proctored Exam
through skin & mucus
-inhalation
-sublingual (under tongue)
-topical (on the skin)
-eye, ear, nose, drops
pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
half-life of drug
Time it takes for a drug to decrease in amount by half
what does rate of absorption depend on?
rate of blood flow
polypharmacy
multiple drug therapy required by chronic illness
gastric pH
less than or equal to 4
gastrointestinal absorption influenced by
-gastric pH
-gastric emptying time
-enzymatic activity
-blood flow of mucous lining and intestines
distribution
2
, ATI Med-Surg proctored Exam
how the medication is circulated by the body fluids (generally blood) to the site of action
fat soluble
absorbed, stored, and transported in fat
water soluble
dissolve in water, move easily into bloodstream, can't be stored in the body
organs that receive medications faster because of extensive blood supply
-brain
-heart
-liver
-kidneys
areas that receive medication slower because of less extensive blood supply
-muscle
-skin
-fat
distribution depends on what two factors
-protein binding
-lipid solubility
protein binding
the ability of certain drugs to bind to plasma protein
albumin
protein in blood that medication attaches to
drugs that use fat
-antidepressants
-phenothiazines
3
