SCI 283: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST WITH
ANSWERS
PAIN:
Acute pain – sudden, sharp, localized pain related to thermal and physical stimuli
primarily from skin and mucous membranes. It is transmitted by the A delta fibers.
Chronic pain – diffuse, dull, burning or aching sensation and transmitted by c fibers.
Long term. C fibers receive thermal, physical, and chemical stimuli from muscle, tendons,
the myocardium, and the digestive tract as well as from the skin.
Referred pain – occurs when an individual locates the pain at a site other than the actual origin.
Phantom pain – pain or another sensation such as itching or tingling that occurs after
amputation.
Neuropathic Pain – caused by trauma or disease involving the peripheral nerves. Paresthesia, nerve pain,
hands or feet are asleep.
SKIN:
First line of defense: non-specific, mechanical barrier, unbroken skin, mucous membranes.
prevents excessive fluid loss, controls body temperature, synthesizes Vitamin D.
,Second Line of Defense – non- specific, phagocytosis, inflammation, interferon
Third line of defense – specific defense, cell mediated – t cells and cytokines. Humoral b cells
and production of specific antibodies or cell mediated immunity.
Layers of the Skin: Epidermis – avascular, dermis, SubQ (hypodermis)
Cellulitis – infection of the dermis and SubQ tissues.
• Usually secondary to an injury
• Frequently in lower trunks and legs
Signs and Symptoms: Area becomes red, swollen and painful
• Red streaks may develop, running along lymph vessels proximal to infected area
Necrotizing Fasciitis – characterized by bacterial invasion with rapid tissue destruction
and septic shock. (flesh eating disease) mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria usually
at site of infection.
- Severe inflammation and tissue necrosis
- Usually caused by virulent strain of gram positive, group A beta-
hemolytic streptococcus
- History of minor trauma or infection in the skin.
- Very painful infected area rapidly increases in size, dermal
gangrene is apparent.
Impetigo – small red vesicles, rapidly enlarged, vesicles rupture.
Yellowish-brown
, Unit II
Acute inflammation- timing varies with specific cause
Chemical mediates affect blood vessels and nerves in damaged area
- Vasodilation, hyperemia, increase capillary permeability
ANSWERS
PAIN:
Acute pain – sudden, sharp, localized pain related to thermal and physical stimuli
primarily from skin and mucous membranes. It is transmitted by the A delta fibers.
Chronic pain – diffuse, dull, burning or aching sensation and transmitted by c fibers.
Long term. C fibers receive thermal, physical, and chemical stimuli from muscle, tendons,
the myocardium, and the digestive tract as well as from the skin.
Referred pain – occurs when an individual locates the pain at a site other than the actual origin.
Phantom pain – pain or another sensation such as itching or tingling that occurs after
amputation.
Neuropathic Pain – caused by trauma or disease involving the peripheral nerves. Paresthesia, nerve pain,
hands or feet are asleep.
SKIN:
First line of defense: non-specific, mechanical barrier, unbroken skin, mucous membranes.
prevents excessive fluid loss, controls body temperature, synthesizes Vitamin D.
,Second Line of Defense – non- specific, phagocytosis, inflammation, interferon
Third line of defense – specific defense, cell mediated – t cells and cytokines. Humoral b cells
and production of specific antibodies or cell mediated immunity.
Layers of the Skin: Epidermis – avascular, dermis, SubQ (hypodermis)
Cellulitis – infection of the dermis and SubQ tissues.
• Usually secondary to an injury
• Frequently in lower trunks and legs
Signs and Symptoms: Area becomes red, swollen and painful
• Red streaks may develop, running along lymph vessels proximal to infected area
Necrotizing Fasciitis – characterized by bacterial invasion with rapid tissue destruction
and septic shock. (flesh eating disease) mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria usually
at site of infection.
- Severe inflammation and tissue necrosis
- Usually caused by virulent strain of gram positive, group A beta-
hemolytic streptococcus
- History of minor trauma or infection in the skin.
- Very painful infected area rapidly increases in size, dermal
gangrene is apparent.
Impetigo – small red vesicles, rapidly enlarged, vesicles rupture.
Yellowish-brown
, Unit II
Acute inflammation- timing varies with specific cause
Chemical mediates affect blood vessels and nerves in damaged area
- Vasodilation, hyperemia, increase capillary permeability
