Pharmacology post assessment and focus review
Capstone Pharmacology post assessment and focus review
A client has a new prescription for salmeterol. The nurse is teaching the
client about adverse effects of the medication. What instructions should the
nurse include in thus education?
• Salmeterol are long‐acting beta2‐agonist inhalers. These inhalers are
used every 12 hr for long‐term control and are not used to abort an
asthma attack, or exacerbation. These long‐acting agents are not
used alone but are prescribed in combination with an inhaled
glucocorticoid. Salmeterol can cause headaches, nervousness,
palpitations, tachycardia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, muscle
cramps, soreness, trembling, paradoxical bronchospasm and cough.
A client has a new prescription for an albuterol inhaler and a
beclomethasone inhaler. What instructions should the nurse
include concerning use of these inhalers?
• When a client is prescribed an inhaled beta2‐agonist and an
inhaled glucocorticoid, advise the client to inhale the beta2‐agonist
before inhaling the glucocorticoid. The beta2‐agonist promotes
bronchodilation and enhances absorption of the glucocorticoid.
A nurse is instructing a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin
transdermal patch about administration. What instructions should the nurse
include?
• To ensure appropriate dose, patches should not be cut. Place the
patch on a hairless area of skin (chest, back, or abdomen) and rotate
sites to prevent skin irritation. Remove old patch, wash skin with
soap and water, and dry thoroughly before applying new patch.
Remove the patch at night to reduce the risk of developing tolerance
to nitroglycerin. Be medication free between 10 and 12 hr./day.
A nurse is administering a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to a client.
What symptoms would indicate circulatory overload? Name three (3)
clinical manifestations of circulatory overload. What are three (3)
interventions the nurse can take action on if overload occurs?
• Cough, shortness of breath, crackles, hypertension,
tachycardia, distended neck veins
Intervention
• Observe for manifestations of fluid volume excess.
In older adults or clients at risk for overload, transfuse 1 unit of PRBCs over
2 to 4 hr. avoiding any concurrent fluid infusion into another IV site.
• Monitor vital signs every 15 min throughout transfusion. If possible,
wait 2 hr. between units of blood when multiple units have been
prescribed.
• If manifestations occur, stop the transfusion, place the client in
a sitting position with the legs down, and notify the provider.
• Administer diuretics and oxygen as appropriate.
This study source was downloaded by 100000834306259 from CourseHero.com on 01-31-2022 05:50:24 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/41355621/Pharmacology-post-assessment-and-focus-reviewdocx/
, • Monitor I&O.
• Prior to any transfusion, assess kidney, respiratory,
and cardiovascular function for risk of overload
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for
raloxifene. What are contraindications for this medication that the nurse
should discuss with the client?
• raloxifene is Pregnancy Risk Category X. This medication is
contraindicated in clients who have a history of venous thrombosis.
• The medication should be stopped 3 days before periods in which
risk of DVT is high (such as before surgical procedures).
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin. What are
manifestations for digoxin toxicity that the nurse should monitor for before
administering this medication?
• Instruct clients to observe for indications of digoxin toxicity (fatigue,
weakness, vision changes, GI effects), and to notify the provider if
they occur.
• Monitor digoxin levels periodically during treatment and maintain
therapeutic levels between 0.5 and 0.8 ng/mL to prevent digoxin
toxicity.
A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has a prescription for
methotrexate. What should the nurse include in the client education?
• Can cause GI discomfort- advise client to take with food.
• Can cause darkening of urine- advise client that this is normal.
• Can cause numbness of extremities, ataxia, and seizures- Stop
medication and notify physician
• Advise female clients against becoming pregnant while taking these
medications and for 6 months after.
A nurse is preparing to educate a client with gout who has a new prescription
for allopurinol. What should the nurse include in the client instructions?
• Allopurinol slows the metabolism of warfarin within the liver,
which places clients at risk for bleeding.
• Instruct clients to observe for signs of bleeding (bruising, petechiae,
hematuria).
• Monitor prothrombin time and INR levels, and adjust
warfarin dosages accordingly.
• If a rash develops, advise clients to stop the medication and report
the occurrence to the provider.
A nurse has provided education to a client with hypothyroidism who has a
new prescription for levothyroxine. What statements by the client would
indicate they understand the instructions?
This study source was downloaded by 100000834306259 from CourseHero.com on 01-31-2022 05:50:24 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/41355621/Pharmacology-post-assessment-and-focus-reviewdocx/
Capstone Pharmacology post assessment and focus review
A client has a new prescription for salmeterol. The nurse is teaching the
client about adverse effects of the medication. What instructions should the
nurse include in thus education?
• Salmeterol are long‐acting beta2‐agonist inhalers. These inhalers are
used every 12 hr for long‐term control and are not used to abort an
asthma attack, or exacerbation. These long‐acting agents are not
used alone but are prescribed in combination with an inhaled
glucocorticoid. Salmeterol can cause headaches, nervousness,
palpitations, tachycardia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, muscle
cramps, soreness, trembling, paradoxical bronchospasm and cough.
A client has a new prescription for an albuterol inhaler and a
beclomethasone inhaler. What instructions should the nurse
include concerning use of these inhalers?
• When a client is prescribed an inhaled beta2‐agonist and an
inhaled glucocorticoid, advise the client to inhale the beta2‐agonist
before inhaling the glucocorticoid. The beta2‐agonist promotes
bronchodilation and enhances absorption of the glucocorticoid.
A nurse is instructing a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin
transdermal patch about administration. What instructions should the nurse
include?
• To ensure appropriate dose, patches should not be cut. Place the
patch on a hairless area of skin (chest, back, or abdomen) and rotate
sites to prevent skin irritation. Remove old patch, wash skin with
soap and water, and dry thoroughly before applying new patch.
Remove the patch at night to reduce the risk of developing tolerance
to nitroglycerin. Be medication free between 10 and 12 hr./day.
A nurse is administering a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to a client.
What symptoms would indicate circulatory overload? Name three (3)
clinical manifestations of circulatory overload. What are three (3)
interventions the nurse can take action on if overload occurs?
• Cough, shortness of breath, crackles, hypertension,
tachycardia, distended neck veins
Intervention
• Observe for manifestations of fluid volume excess.
In older adults or clients at risk for overload, transfuse 1 unit of PRBCs over
2 to 4 hr. avoiding any concurrent fluid infusion into another IV site.
• Monitor vital signs every 15 min throughout transfusion. If possible,
wait 2 hr. between units of blood when multiple units have been
prescribed.
• If manifestations occur, stop the transfusion, place the client in
a sitting position with the legs down, and notify the provider.
• Administer diuretics and oxygen as appropriate.
This study source was downloaded by 100000834306259 from CourseHero.com on 01-31-2022 05:50:24 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/41355621/Pharmacology-post-assessment-and-focus-reviewdocx/
, • Monitor I&O.
• Prior to any transfusion, assess kidney, respiratory,
and cardiovascular function for risk of overload
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for
raloxifene. What are contraindications for this medication that the nurse
should discuss with the client?
• raloxifene is Pregnancy Risk Category X. This medication is
contraindicated in clients who have a history of venous thrombosis.
• The medication should be stopped 3 days before periods in which
risk of DVT is high (such as before surgical procedures).
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin. What are
manifestations for digoxin toxicity that the nurse should monitor for before
administering this medication?
• Instruct clients to observe for indications of digoxin toxicity (fatigue,
weakness, vision changes, GI effects), and to notify the provider if
they occur.
• Monitor digoxin levels periodically during treatment and maintain
therapeutic levels between 0.5 and 0.8 ng/mL to prevent digoxin
toxicity.
A nurse is providing instructions to a client who has a prescription for
methotrexate. What should the nurse include in the client education?
• Can cause GI discomfort- advise client to take with food.
• Can cause darkening of urine- advise client that this is normal.
• Can cause numbness of extremities, ataxia, and seizures- Stop
medication and notify physician
• Advise female clients against becoming pregnant while taking these
medications and for 6 months after.
A nurse is preparing to educate a client with gout who has a new prescription
for allopurinol. What should the nurse include in the client instructions?
• Allopurinol slows the metabolism of warfarin within the liver,
which places clients at risk for bleeding.
• Instruct clients to observe for signs of bleeding (bruising, petechiae,
hematuria).
• Monitor prothrombin time and INR levels, and adjust
warfarin dosages accordingly.
• If a rash develops, advise clients to stop the medication and report
the occurrence to the provider.
A nurse has provided education to a client with hypothyroidism who has a
new prescription for levothyroxine. What statements by the client would
indicate they understand the instructions?
This study source was downloaded by 100000834306259 from CourseHero.com on 01-31-2022 05:50:24 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/41355621/Pharmacology-post-assessment-and-focus-reviewdocx/
