Exam 1 Outline
S/S means signs and symptoms, TX means treatment, DX means how diagnosis
Breast Cancer
Noninvasive breast cancer
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
o Cancer cells are located within the duct and have not invaded the surrounding
tissue.
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
o Cells that are contained in the lobules (mammary glands) appear to be cancer cells
but are not. The presence of LCIS indicates a risk of developing breast cancer.
Invasive breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
o The cancer cells originate in the mammary ducts and spread to the surrounding
tissue.
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)
o Diffuse erythema
o Peau d’orange
o Often harder to successfully treat
o
S/S Symptoms of breast cancer include a lump in the breast, bloody discharge from the nipple, and
changes in the shape or texture of the nipple or breast.
1. Angiosarcoma -Angiosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that forms in the lining of the blood
vessels and lymph vessels
2. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) -Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the presence of abnormal
cells inside a milk duct in the breast. Found in mammogram , A breast lump, Bloody nipple
discharge
DCIS is usually found on a mammogram and appears as small clusters of calcifications that have
irregular shapes and sizes
• Testing for Laboratory assessment
– Pathologic study of breast mass tissue and lymph nodes
– Liver enzymes, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase
, • Imaging assessment
– Mammography
– Tomosynthesis
– Ultrasonography
– MRI
– Chest x-ray, CT for metastasis
Risks for (MEN) Family history (M or F) of breast cancer
– BRCA 1/2 mutation
– Diabetes
– Gynecomastia
– Testicular disorders
– Obesity
– Increased age
– Family history
– Early menarche, nulliparity, late menopause
– Lack of breastfeeding
– Postmenopausal obesity
– Use of postmenopausal HRT
– Alcohol consumption
– Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2
– Health maintenance Mammography
– Breast self-awareness/self-examination
– Clinical breast examination
S/S means signs and symptoms, TX means treatment, DX means how diagnosis
Breast Cancer
Noninvasive breast cancer
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
o Cancer cells are located within the duct and have not invaded the surrounding
tissue.
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
o Cells that are contained in the lobules (mammary glands) appear to be cancer cells
but are not. The presence of LCIS indicates a risk of developing breast cancer.
Invasive breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
o The cancer cells originate in the mammary ducts and spread to the surrounding
tissue.
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)
o Diffuse erythema
o Peau d’orange
o Often harder to successfully treat
o
S/S Symptoms of breast cancer include a lump in the breast, bloody discharge from the nipple, and
changes in the shape or texture of the nipple or breast.
1. Angiosarcoma -Angiosarcoma is a rare type of cancer that forms in the lining of the blood
vessels and lymph vessels
2. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) -Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the presence of abnormal
cells inside a milk duct in the breast. Found in mammogram , A breast lump, Bloody nipple
discharge
DCIS is usually found on a mammogram and appears as small clusters of calcifications that have
irregular shapes and sizes
• Testing for Laboratory assessment
– Pathologic study of breast mass tissue and lymph nodes
– Liver enzymes, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase
, • Imaging assessment
– Mammography
– Tomosynthesis
– Ultrasonography
– MRI
– Chest x-ray, CT for metastasis
Risks for (MEN) Family history (M or F) of breast cancer
– BRCA 1/2 mutation
– Diabetes
– Gynecomastia
– Testicular disorders
– Obesity
– Increased age
– Family history
– Early menarche, nulliparity, late menopause
– Lack of breastfeeding
– Postmenopausal obesity
– Use of postmenopausal HRT
– Alcohol consumption
– Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2
– Health maintenance Mammography
– Breast self-awareness/self-examination
– Clinical breast examination
