NR 283 exam 1
NR 283
exam 1
NR 283
UNIT 1
• Cellular communication- when cells send and receive messages to and
from each other. These messages are in the form of chemicals such as
hormones and neurotransmitters.
• Cellular respiration- process that releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
• Cell metabolism- sum of all chemical reactions in the cell.
• Cellular transport- movement of materials into and out of or within a
cell.
• Necrosis- (tissue death) sum of all cellular changes after local cell
death and the process of cellular autodigestion.
• Metaplasia- change in cell or tissue structure. Reprogramming of stem
cells and reversible replacement.
• Atrophy- wasting away of a body organ or tissue, progressive decline or
failure. ( older population)
• Hyperplasia- Abnormal increase in the number of cells (liver, kidneys,
alcoholism) ( hormonal hyperplasia in pregnancy)
• Dysplasia- abnormal development of growth of cells, tissues, or organs.
( pap-smear)
• Injury- damage or destruction of cells that compose a tissue, cell, or
organs
• Asphyxial injury- caused by failure of celss to receive or effectively use
of oxygen. ( choking, strangulation, drowning)
• Reperfusion injury- a form of hypoxic cell injury, caused by a rush of
oxygen coming back and generating free radicals
• Contusion- bruise
,NR 283 exam 1
• Hematoma- swelling filled w/ blood
• Abrasion- scrape of the skin
, NR 283 exam 1
• Blunt- force- trauma- tearing, shearing, or crushing of tissues
• Hypoxia- an insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues ( most
common)
• Etiology- study of the cause of disease
• Pathogenesis- pattern of tissue changes associated w/ development of
disease
• Iatrogenic- disease caused by a medical treatment
• Eukaryote- cell of higher animal and plants, many chromosomes
• Prokaryotes- single- cell, one chromosomes
• Diagnosis- identifying/ naming the disease
• Prognosis- expected outcome of a disease
• Acute- sudden onset and shout course
• Chronic – slowly develops (at least 4 months)
• Remission- symptoms relieved for a short time
• Exacerbation- symptoms become worse
• Cellular differentiation- process by which a cell becomes specialized in
order to perform a specific function( liver cell, blood cell, neuron)
• Hypertrophy- abnormal enlargement of cells. (pregnancy, pathogenic)
• Ischemia- a condition in which the supply of blood is severely reduced
• Anoxia- absence of oxygen
• Apoptosis- type of cell death in which cell use specialized cellular
machinery to kill itself
• Somatic death- death of an entire person
NR 283
exam 1
NR 283
UNIT 1
• Cellular communication- when cells send and receive messages to and
from each other. These messages are in the form of chemicals such as
hormones and neurotransmitters.
• Cellular respiration- process that releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
• Cell metabolism- sum of all chemical reactions in the cell.
• Cellular transport- movement of materials into and out of or within a
cell.
• Necrosis- (tissue death) sum of all cellular changes after local cell
death and the process of cellular autodigestion.
• Metaplasia- change in cell or tissue structure. Reprogramming of stem
cells and reversible replacement.
• Atrophy- wasting away of a body organ or tissue, progressive decline or
failure. ( older population)
• Hyperplasia- Abnormal increase in the number of cells (liver, kidneys,
alcoholism) ( hormonal hyperplasia in pregnancy)
• Dysplasia- abnormal development of growth of cells, tissues, or organs.
( pap-smear)
• Injury- damage or destruction of cells that compose a tissue, cell, or
organs
• Asphyxial injury- caused by failure of celss to receive or effectively use
of oxygen. ( choking, strangulation, drowning)
• Reperfusion injury- a form of hypoxic cell injury, caused by a rush of
oxygen coming back and generating free radicals
• Contusion- bruise
,NR 283 exam 1
• Hematoma- swelling filled w/ blood
• Abrasion- scrape of the skin
, NR 283 exam 1
• Blunt- force- trauma- tearing, shearing, or crushing of tissues
• Hypoxia- an insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues ( most
common)
• Etiology- study of the cause of disease
• Pathogenesis- pattern of tissue changes associated w/ development of
disease
• Iatrogenic- disease caused by a medical treatment
• Eukaryote- cell of higher animal and plants, many chromosomes
• Prokaryotes- single- cell, one chromosomes
• Diagnosis- identifying/ naming the disease
• Prognosis- expected outcome of a disease
• Acute- sudden onset and shout course
• Chronic – slowly develops (at least 4 months)
• Remission- symptoms relieved for a short time
• Exacerbation- symptoms become worse
• Cellular differentiation- process by which a cell becomes specialized in
order to perform a specific function( liver cell, blood cell, neuron)
• Hypertrophy- abnormal enlargement of cells. (pregnancy, pathogenic)
• Ischemia- a condition in which the supply of blood is severely reduced
• Anoxia- absence of oxygen
• Apoptosis- type of cell death in which cell use specialized cellular
machinery to kill itself
• Somatic death- death of an entire person
