NURS 512-Test Bank Lowdermilk: Maternity & Women’s Health Care Chapter 16: Labor and Birth Processes

Processes Lowdermilk: Maternity & Women’s Health Care Chapter 16: Labor and Birth Processes Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A new mother asks the nurse when the “soft spot” on her son’s head will go away. The nurse’s answer is based on the knowledge that the anterior fontanel closes after birth by: a. 2 months b. 8 months c. 12 months d. 18 months ANS: D The larger of the two fontanels, the anterior fontanel closes by 18 months after birth. The posterior fontanel closes at 6 to 8 weeks. Eight months is much too early for the anterior fontanel to close. It closes by 18 months after birth. Twelve months is too soon. The anterior fontanel closes by 18 months. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 370 OBJ: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Nursing Process: Planning 2. When assessing a woman in labor, the nurse is aware that the relationship of the fetal body parts to one another is called fetal: a. Lie b. Presentation c. Attitude d. Position ANS: C Attitude is the relation of the fetal body parts to each other. Lie is the relation of the long axis (spine) of the fetus to the long axis (spine) of the mother. Presentation refers to the part of the fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first and leads through the birth canal during labor at term. Position is the relation of the presenting part to the four quadrants of the mother’s pelvis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 370 OBJ: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment 3. When assessing the fetus using Leopold maneuvers, the nurse feels a round, firm, movable fetal part in the fundal portion of the uterus and a long, smooth surface in the mother’s right side close to midline. What is the likely position of the fetus? a. ROA b. LSP c. RSA d. LOA ANS: C Fetal position is denoted with a three-letter abbreviation. The first letter indicates the presenting part in either the right or left side of the maternal pelvis. The second letter indicates the anatomic presenting part of the fetus. The third letter stands for the location of the presenting part in relation to the anterior, posterior, or transverse portion of the maternal pelvis. Palpation of a round, firm fetal part in the fundal portion of the uterus would be the fetal head, indicating that the fetus is in a breech position with the sacrum as the presenting part in the maternal pelvis. Palpation of the fetal spine along the mother’s right side denotes the location of the presenting part in the mother’s pelvis. The ability to palpate the fetal spine indicates that the fetus is anteriorly positioned in the maternal pelvis. This fetus is positioned anteriorly in the right side of the maternal pelvis with the sacrum as the presenting part. RSA is the correct three-letter abbreviation to indicate this fetal position. ROA denotes a fetus that is positioned anteriorly in the right side of the maternal pelvis with the occiput as the presenting part. LSP describes a fetus that is positioned posteriorly in the left side of the pelvis with the sacrum as the presenting part. A fetus that is LOA would be positioned anteriorly in the left side of the pelvis with the occiput as the presenting part. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 371 OBJ: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment 4. What position is least effective when gravity is desired to assist in fetal descent? a. Lithotomy b. Kneeling c. Sitting d. Walking ANS: A The predominant position in the United States for physician- attended births is the lithotomy position, which requires a woman to be in a reclined posi