NURS Sodium (Na+): 135 – 145 mEq/L
452
Most abundant in ECF
FLUID
ELECTR Function: maintains water balance, transmits nerve impulse,
OLYTES contract muscles
STUDY
GUIDE
HYPERNATREMIA: > 145 HYPONATREMIA: < 135
Causes Causes
Ingestion of large amounts of Na, fluid GI loss, fistula, sweating, diuretic, vomiting,
deprivation, lack of fluid consumption, diarrhea, HF
hyperventilation, burns, corticosteroid use
Signs & Symptoms Signs & Symptoms
Dry tongue (profound), Polydipsia, Edema, NVD, Hypotension, Confusion, Edema,
weakness, disorientation, delusion, Weakness and Seizures/Coma, Increased
hallucination, increase HR & BP, pulmonary motility and hyperactive bowel sounds,
edema, decrease urine output , increased increased urine output, decreased urinary
urinary specific gravity, N/V profound specific gravity
Interventions
Monitor cardiovascular, resp, neuro, cerebral, Interventions
renal, and integumentary status Monitor cardiovascular, resp, neuro, cerebral,
Administer IV infusions if cause is fluid renal, and GI status
loss Administer diuretics if cause is Administer IV NaCl if caused by FVD
inadequate renal excretion of Na Administer osmotic diuretics (excretion of
Restrict Na and Fluid intake H2O rather than Na) if caused by FVE
Increase oral intake of Na and diet
Monitor Lithium if client is taking it
Potassium (K+): 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L
Most abundant in ICF
Function: regulates neuromuscular excitability, muscular contraction, acid-base
** NEVER ADMINISTER IV PUSH/SC/IM. Should always be DILUTED and use INFUSION
DEVICE **
HYPERKALEMIA: > 5.0 HYPOKALEMIA: < 3.5
, Causes Causes
Renal failure, hypoaldosteronism, K wasting diuretics (e.g Lasix), GI losses,
heparin, potassium chloride, ACE poor dietary intake
inhibitors, NSAIDS, K sparing diuretics
Signs & Symptoms Signs & Symptoms
Muscle contractility, skeletal weakness, Fatigue, irregular pulse, hypotension,
paralysis (profound), cardiac irregularities, muscle weakness, leg cramps,
irregular slow paresthesia, dysrhythmias
pulse cardiac arrest
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452
Most abundant in ECF
FLUID
ELECTR Function: maintains water balance, transmits nerve impulse,
OLYTES contract muscles
STUDY
GUIDE
HYPERNATREMIA: > 145 HYPONATREMIA: < 135
Causes Causes
Ingestion of large amounts of Na, fluid GI loss, fistula, sweating, diuretic, vomiting,
deprivation, lack of fluid consumption, diarrhea, HF
hyperventilation, burns, corticosteroid use
Signs & Symptoms Signs & Symptoms
Dry tongue (profound), Polydipsia, Edema, NVD, Hypotension, Confusion, Edema,
weakness, disorientation, delusion, Weakness and Seizures/Coma, Increased
hallucination, increase HR & BP, pulmonary motility and hyperactive bowel sounds,
edema, decrease urine output , increased increased urine output, decreased urinary
urinary specific gravity, N/V profound specific gravity
Interventions
Monitor cardiovascular, resp, neuro, cerebral, Interventions
renal, and integumentary status Monitor cardiovascular, resp, neuro, cerebral,
Administer IV infusions if cause is fluid renal, and GI status
loss Administer diuretics if cause is Administer IV NaCl if caused by FVD
inadequate renal excretion of Na Administer osmotic diuretics (excretion of
Restrict Na and Fluid intake H2O rather than Na) if caused by FVE
Increase oral intake of Na and diet
Monitor Lithium if client is taking it
Potassium (K+): 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L
Most abundant in ICF
Function: regulates neuromuscular excitability, muscular contraction, acid-base
** NEVER ADMINISTER IV PUSH/SC/IM. Should always be DILUTED and use INFUSION
DEVICE **
HYPERKALEMIA: > 5.0 HYPOKALEMIA: < 3.5
, Causes Causes
Renal failure, hypoaldosteronism, K wasting diuretics (e.g Lasix), GI losses,
heparin, potassium chloride, ACE poor dietary intake
inhibitors, NSAIDS, K sparing diuretics
Signs & Symptoms Signs & Symptoms
Muscle contractility, skeletal weakness, Fatigue, irregular pulse, hypotension,
paralysis (profound), cardiac irregularities, muscle weakness, leg cramps,
irregular slow paresthesia, dysrhythmias
pulse cardiac arrest
This study source was downloaded by 100000817936687 from CourseHero.com on 11-01-2021 03:20:38 GMT -05:00
Thisshared
study via
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