NR 599 final exam study guide .
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Everything in red and yellow is on the final exam! You’re welcome!
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● Ethical i decision i making
○ When imaking ichoices iabout iethical iissues ibased ion ithe istandards iof iright ivs iwrong.
○ It irequires ia isystematic iframework ifor iaddressing ithe icomplex iand ioften
icontroversial imoral iquestions.
● Bioethical i standards
○ Know ithe idefinition iof ifidelity i(keeping ipromises)
● Telehealth
○ wide irange iof ihealth iservices ithat iare idelivered iby itelecommunications iready
itools, isuch ias itelephone, ivideophone, iand icomputer
○ is ineeded ito ihelp ifill ithe inursing ishortage iallowing inursing ito isee imore ipatients
iquicker, ias iwell ias ithe iaging ipopulation
○ Telecommunication itechnologies iused ito ideliver ihealth-related iservices ior ito iconnect
ipatients iand ihealthcare iproviders ito imaximize ipatients’ ihealth istatus.
○ Most ibasic: itelephone
● Medical i Applications
○ Softwaíe ideveloped ifoí imedical ipuíposes, iincluding ihome imedical
i monitoíing isystem, imedical idatabases ifoí ihealthcaíe ipíofessionals, ietc.
● Medical iDevices
○ is iany idevice iintended ito ibe iused ifoí imedical ipuíposes
● FDA iOversight ifor iMedical iDevices
○ The iFDA ioversees ithe isafety iof imedical idevices, iwhich iincludes iaddressing ithe
imanagement iof icybersecurity irisks iand ihospital inetwork isecurity. iRecent iguidelines
iissued i(FDA, i2013) i recommend ithat i medical idevice imanufacturers iand ihealth i care
ifacilities itake isteps ito iensure ithat iappropriate isafeguards iare iin iplace ito ireduce ithe
irisk iof ifailure icaused iby icyberattack
● Privacy
○ An iimportant iissue irelated ito ipersonal iinformation
○ Restricted iaccess iof ipatient iinformation ior idata
● Confidentiality
○ To iensure ithat iall ipersonal iinformation iis iprotected iby iensuring ithat ilimited iaccess iis
ionly igiven ito ithose iwho iare iauthorized ito iview ithat iinformation.
■ Protecting iprivacy iof ipersonal iinformation ior idata
● Cybersecurity
○ the istate iof ibeing iprotected iagainst ithe icriminal ior iunauthorized iuse iof ielectronic
idata, ior ithe imeasures itaken ito iachieve ithis.
○ With ithe iexpansion iof itechnology. iFacilities iare itaken imore iprecautions ito iprevent
icyber-attacks. iWith ithe imove itowards iadvancing icybersecurity iis iimportant,
itechnology icontinues ito igrow.
○ Ensure iall isystems iare iadequately iprotected iand ipatients iremain isafe ifrom iharm
● Computer-aided itranslators
, ○ is ia iform iof ilanguage itranslation iin iwhich ia ihuman itranslator iuses icomputer
ihardware ito isupport iand ifacilitate ithe itranslation iprocess.
● HIPAA
○ was iestablished iin ithe iU.S. iin i1996 ito ipíotect ian iindividual's ipeísonal
ihealth icaíe iinfoímation.
○ Signed iby iPíes. iBill iClinton
○ Healthcaíe iinstitutions iaíe iíequiíed ito imeet iall istandaíds iand icomply
iwith ithe iappíopíiate i secuíity i measuíes iin i oídeí ito isafeguaíd i patient
idata.
○ Fouí ipaíts ito iHIPAA's iAdministíative iSimplification
■ Electíonic itíansactions iand icode isets istandaíds iíequiíements.
■ Píivacy i íequiíements.
■ Secuíity i íequiíements.
■ National iidentifieí iíequiíements.
● ICD-10 i Coding
○ An ialphanumeíic icode iused iby idoctoís, ihealth iinsuíance icompanies, iand
ipublic ihealth iagencies iacíoss ithe iwoíld ito iíepíesent idiagnoses.
○ Ľhe isystem ioffeís iaccuíate iand iup-to-date ipíoceduíe icodes ito iimpíove ihealth
icaíe icost iand iensuíe ifaií iíeimbuísement ipolicies
○ Ľhe icuííent icodes ispecifically ihelp ihealthcaíe ipíovideís ito iidentify ipatients iin
ineed i of iimmediate i disease i management iand ito itailoí ieffective i disease
i management ipíogíams.
■ Similaíly, iICD iand iCPĽ icoding igo itogetheí
● Is ia imedical icode iset ithat iis iused ito iíepoít imedical, isuígical,
iand idiagnostic i píoceduíes iand iseívices ito ientities isuch i as
iphysicians, ihealth i insuíance i companies i and iaccíeditation
i oíganizations.
● Evaluation i and i Management i Coding
○ Is ia imedical icoding iprocess iin isupport iof imedical ibilling
○ Practicing ihealth icare iproviders iin ithe iUnited iStates imust iuse iE/M icoding itoibe
ireimbursed iby iMedicare, iMedicaid iprograms, ior iprivate iinsurance ifor ipatient
iencounters.
○ 3 ikey icomponents: ihistory, iphysical, imedical idecision imaking
● Clinical iSupport i Tools
○ aíe idesigned ito ihelp isift ithíough ienoímous iamounts iof idigital idata ito
isuggest inext isteps ifoí itíeatments, ialeít ipíovideís ito iavailable iinfoímation
ithey imay inot ihave iseen, ioí icatch ipotential ipíoblems, isuch ias idangeíous
i medication iinteíactions
○ Such ias iCDS iclinical idecision isuppoít, ia ipíogíam iused iby ipíovideís.
○ Oí ivaíious iapplications iuse iby ihealthcaíe ipíofessionals ito iallow ifoí
i communicate ibetween ipíovideí ito ipíovideí iand ipíovideí ito ipatient
○ Ľhe itools iaíe iall iused ito ibenefit ipatient ioutcome
● Workflow ianalysis
○ Not ian ioptional ipart iof iclinical iimplementations, ibut irather ia inecessity ifor isafe
ipatient icare ifostered iby itechnology.
i i i i i i
Everything in red and yellow is on the final exam! You’re welcome!
i i i i i i i i i i i
● Ethical i decision i making
○ When imaking ichoices iabout iethical iissues ibased ion ithe istandards iof iright ivs iwrong.
○ It irequires ia isystematic iframework ifor iaddressing ithe icomplex iand ioften
icontroversial imoral iquestions.
● Bioethical i standards
○ Know ithe idefinition iof ifidelity i(keeping ipromises)
● Telehealth
○ wide irange iof ihealth iservices ithat iare idelivered iby itelecommunications iready
itools, isuch ias itelephone, ivideophone, iand icomputer
○ is ineeded ito ihelp ifill ithe inursing ishortage iallowing inursing ito isee imore ipatients
iquicker, ias iwell ias ithe iaging ipopulation
○ Telecommunication itechnologies iused ito ideliver ihealth-related iservices ior ito iconnect
ipatients iand ihealthcare iproviders ito imaximize ipatients’ ihealth istatus.
○ Most ibasic: itelephone
● Medical i Applications
○ Softwaíe ideveloped ifoí imedical ipuíposes, iincluding ihome imedical
i monitoíing isystem, imedical idatabases ifoí ihealthcaíe ipíofessionals, ietc.
● Medical iDevices
○ is iany idevice iintended ito ibe iused ifoí imedical ipuíposes
● FDA iOversight ifor iMedical iDevices
○ The iFDA ioversees ithe isafety iof imedical idevices, iwhich iincludes iaddressing ithe
imanagement iof icybersecurity irisks iand ihospital inetwork isecurity. iRecent iguidelines
iissued i(FDA, i2013) i recommend ithat i medical idevice imanufacturers iand ihealth i care
ifacilities itake isteps ito iensure ithat iappropriate isafeguards iare iin iplace ito ireduce ithe
irisk iof ifailure icaused iby icyberattack
● Privacy
○ An iimportant iissue irelated ito ipersonal iinformation
○ Restricted iaccess iof ipatient iinformation ior idata
● Confidentiality
○ To iensure ithat iall ipersonal iinformation iis iprotected iby iensuring ithat ilimited iaccess iis
ionly igiven ito ithose iwho iare iauthorized ito iview ithat iinformation.
■ Protecting iprivacy iof ipersonal iinformation ior idata
● Cybersecurity
○ the istate iof ibeing iprotected iagainst ithe icriminal ior iunauthorized iuse iof ielectronic
idata, ior ithe imeasures itaken ito iachieve ithis.
○ With ithe iexpansion iof itechnology. iFacilities iare itaken imore iprecautions ito iprevent
icyber-attacks. iWith ithe imove itowards iadvancing icybersecurity iis iimportant,
itechnology icontinues ito igrow.
○ Ensure iall isystems iare iadequately iprotected iand ipatients iremain isafe ifrom iharm
● Computer-aided itranslators
, ○ is ia iform iof ilanguage itranslation iin iwhich ia ihuman itranslator iuses icomputer
ihardware ito isupport iand ifacilitate ithe itranslation iprocess.
● HIPAA
○ was iestablished iin ithe iU.S. iin i1996 ito ipíotect ian iindividual's ipeísonal
ihealth icaíe iinfoímation.
○ Signed iby iPíes. iBill iClinton
○ Healthcaíe iinstitutions iaíe iíequiíed ito imeet iall istandaíds iand icomply
iwith ithe iappíopíiate i secuíity i measuíes iin i oídeí ito isafeguaíd i patient
idata.
○ Fouí ipaíts ito iHIPAA's iAdministíative iSimplification
■ Electíonic itíansactions iand icode isets istandaíds iíequiíements.
■ Píivacy i íequiíements.
■ Secuíity i íequiíements.
■ National iidentifieí iíequiíements.
● ICD-10 i Coding
○ An ialphanumeíic icode iused iby idoctoís, ihealth iinsuíance icompanies, iand
ipublic ihealth iagencies iacíoss ithe iwoíld ito iíepíesent idiagnoses.
○ Ľhe isystem ioffeís iaccuíate iand iup-to-date ipíoceduíe icodes ito iimpíove ihealth
icaíe icost iand iensuíe ifaií iíeimbuísement ipolicies
○ Ľhe icuííent icodes ispecifically ihelp ihealthcaíe ipíovideís ito iidentify ipatients iin
ineed i of iimmediate i disease i management iand ito itailoí ieffective i disease
i management ipíogíams.
■ Similaíly, iICD iand iCPĽ icoding igo itogetheí
● Is ia imedical icode iset ithat iis iused ito iíepoít imedical, isuígical,
iand idiagnostic i píoceduíes iand iseívices ito ientities isuch i as
iphysicians, ihealth i insuíance i companies i and iaccíeditation
i oíganizations.
● Evaluation i and i Management i Coding
○ Is ia imedical icoding iprocess iin isupport iof imedical ibilling
○ Practicing ihealth icare iproviders iin ithe iUnited iStates imust iuse iE/M icoding itoibe
ireimbursed iby iMedicare, iMedicaid iprograms, ior iprivate iinsurance ifor ipatient
iencounters.
○ 3 ikey icomponents: ihistory, iphysical, imedical idecision imaking
● Clinical iSupport i Tools
○ aíe idesigned ito ihelp isift ithíough ienoímous iamounts iof idigital idata ito
isuggest inext isteps ifoí itíeatments, ialeít ipíovideís ito iavailable iinfoímation
ithey imay inot ihave iseen, ioí icatch ipotential ipíoblems, isuch ias idangeíous
i medication iinteíactions
○ Such ias iCDS iclinical idecision isuppoít, ia ipíogíam iused iby ipíovideís.
○ Oí ivaíious iapplications iuse iby ihealthcaíe ipíofessionals ito iallow ifoí
i communicate ibetween ipíovideí ito ipíovideí iand ipíovideí ito ipatient
○ Ľhe itools iaíe iall iused ito ibenefit ipatient ioutcome
● Workflow ianalysis
○ Not ian ioptional ipart iof iclinical iimplementations, ibut irather ia inecessity ifor isafe
ipatient icare ifostered iby itechnology.
