NR I601 IMidterm IExam Ireview
Week I1
Developmental Ichanges
o Review IKennedy Ireadings Ifor Iage Irelated Ichanges
o Physiological
Physiological
Age Irelated IChange Functional IChange Implications
IntegumentaryISystem
Loss Iof Idermal Iand Loss Iof Isubcutaneous Prone I to I skin I breakdown
Iepidermal I thickness Itissue Iand Ithin Iand Iinjury
Iepidermis.
Decreased Ivascularity • Atrophy I of Isweat • Alteration Iin
Iglands I resulting I in Ithermoregulatory
Idecreased I sweat Iresponse
Iproduction
• Fluid I requirements I may
• Decreased Ibody Ichange Iseasonally
Iodor
• Loss Iof Iskin Iwater
• Decreased Iheat Iloss
• Increased I risk I of I heat
• Dryness Istroke
Respiratory ISystem
Decreased Ilung Itissue Decreased I vital Reduced Ioverall IefficiencyIof
Ielasticity Icapacity Iventilatory Iexchange
Cilia Iatrophy Change I in I mucociliary Increased I susceptibility I to
Itransport Iinfection
Decreased Irespiratory • Reduced Iability Ito Increased I risk I of
,muscle Istrength handle I secretions I and atelectasis
Ireduced I effectiveness
Iagainst I noxious I foreign
Iparticles
• Partial I inflation I of
Ilungs I at I rest
Cardiovascular
ISystem
Heart I valves I thicken Reduced Istroke Ivolume, Decreased Iresponsiveness
Iand Ibecome Ifibrotic Icardiac Ioutput; Imay Ibe Ito Istress
Ialtered
Fibroelastic IthickeningIof Slower Iheart Irate Increased I prevalence I of
Ithe Isinoatrial Inode; Iarrhythmias
Idecreased I number I of
Ipacemaker Icells
Decreased Decreased IsensitivityIto Prone Ito Iloss Iof Ibalance,
Ibaroreceptor I changes I in I blood Iwhich Iincreases Ithe Irisk Ifor
Isensitivity I (stretch Ipressure Ifalls
Ireceptors)
GI
Liver I becomes I smaller Decreased Istorage
Icapacity
Decreased Imuscle Altered I motility Increases Irisk Iof
Itone Iconstipation, Ifunctional
Ibowel Isyndrome,
Iesophageal I spasm,
Idiverticular Idisease
Decreased Ibasal May I need I fewer I calories
Imetabolic Irate I(rate Iat
Iwhich Ifuel Iis
, converted Iinto
Ienergy)
o Lab Iresults
Lab I results
Lab ITest Normal Changes I with Comments
Iage
UA
Protein 0-5mg/100ml Rises Islightly May I be I due I to I kidney
Ichanges I with I age,
Iurinary Itract Iinfection,
Irenal Ipathology
Specific 1.005-1.020 Lower Imax I in Decline I in I nephrons
IGravity Ielderly I1.016- Iimpairs Iability Ito
1.022 Iconcentrate Iurine
HematologIy
ESR Men: I0-20 SignificantIincrease Neither I sensitive I nor
Ispecific Iin Iaged
Women: I0-30
Iron I Binding 50-160mcg/dl Slight Idecrease
I 230-410mcg/dl Decrease
I
Hemoglobin Men: I13- Men: I10-17g Anemia I common I in I the
18g/100ml Ielderly
Women: I None
Women: I12- Inoted
I16g
Hematocrit Men: I45-52% Slight Decline Iin
, Women I37- decreased hematopoiesisLeu
48%
speculated
I
Leukocytes 4,300– Drop I to I 3,100– Decrease I may I be I due I to
10,800/mm3 I9,000/mm3 Idrugs I or I sepsis I and Ishould
Inot Ibe Iattributed
Iimmediately Ito Iage
Lymphocytes 00–2,400 IT T-cell I and I B-cell Infection Irisk Ihigher;
cells/mm3 I50– Ilevels Ifall Iimmunization
200 IB Iencouraged
cells/mm3
Platelet 150,000– No Ichange Iin
350,000/ Inumber
Blood
IChemistry
Albumin 3.5–5.0 Decline Related Ito Idecrease Iin
Iliver I size I and I enzymes;
Iprotein-energy
Imalnutrition I common
Globulin 2.3–3.5 Slight I increase
Total Iserum 6.0–8.4 Ig No Ichange Decreases I may I indicate
Iprotein Imalnutrition, Iinfection,
Iliver Idisease
Blood I urea Men: I10–25 Increases Increases I significantly I upIto
Initrogen Isignificantly I up I69 Img
Women: I8–20 Ito I69 Img
Img
Creatinine 0.6–1.5 Img Increases Ito I1.9 Related Ito Ilean Ibody
Img Imass Idecrease
Week I1
Developmental Ichanges
o Review IKennedy Ireadings Ifor Iage Irelated Ichanges
o Physiological
Physiological
Age Irelated IChange Functional IChange Implications
IntegumentaryISystem
Loss Iof Idermal Iand Loss Iof Isubcutaneous Prone I to I skin I breakdown
Iepidermal I thickness Itissue Iand Ithin Iand Iinjury
Iepidermis.
Decreased Ivascularity • Atrophy I of Isweat • Alteration Iin
Iglands I resulting I in Ithermoregulatory
Idecreased I sweat Iresponse
Iproduction
• Fluid I requirements I may
• Decreased Ibody Ichange Iseasonally
Iodor
• Loss Iof Iskin Iwater
• Decreased Iheat Iloss
• Increased I risk I of I heat
• Dryness Istroke
Respiratory ISystem
Decreased Ilung Itissue Decreased I vital Reduced Ioverall IefficiencyIof
Ielasticity Icapacity Iventilatory Iexchange
Cilia Iatrophy Change I in I mucociliary Increased I susceptibility I to
Itransport Iinfection
Decreased Irespiratory • Reduced Iability Ito Increased I risk I of
,muscle Istrength handle I secretions I and atelectasis
Ireduced I effectiveness
Iagainst I noxious I foreign
Iparticles
• Partial I inflation I of
Ilungs I at I rest
Cardiovascular
ISystem
Heart I valves I thicken Reduced Istroke Ivolume, Decreased Iresponsiveness
Iand Ibecome Ifibrotic Icardiac Ioutput; Imay Ibe Ito Istress
Ialtered
Fibroelastic IthickeningIof Slower Iheart Irate Increased I prevalence I of
Ithe Isinoatrial Inode; Iarrhythmias
Idecreased I number I of
Ipacemaker Icells
Decreased Decreased IsensitivityIto Prone Ito Iloss Iof Ibalance,
Ibaroreceptor I changes I in I blood Iwhich Iincreases Ithe Irisk Ifor
Isensitivity I (stretch Ipressure Ifalls
Ireceptors)
GI
Liver I becomes I smaller Decreased Istorage
Icapacity
Decreased Imuscle Altered I motility Increases Irisk Iof
Itone Iconstipation, Ifunctional
Ibowel Isyndrome,
Iesophageal I spasm,
Idiverticular Idisease
Decreased Ibasal May I need I fewer I calories
Imetabolic Irate I(rate Iat
Iwhich Ifuel Iis
, converted Iinto
Ienergy)
o Lab Iresults
Lab I results
Lab ITest Normal Changes I with Comments
Iage
UA
Protein 0-5mg/100ml Rises Islightly May I be I due I to I kidney
Ichanges I with I age,
Iurinary Itract Iinfection,
Irenal Ipathology
Specific 1.005-1.020 Lower Imax I in Decline I in I nephrons
IGravity Ielderly I1.016- Iimpairs Iability Ito
1.022 Iconcentrate Iurine
HematologIy
ESR Men: I0-20 SignificantIincrease Neither I sensitive I nor
Ispecific Iin Iaged
Women: I0-30
Iron I Binding 50-160mcg/dl Slight Idecrease
I 230-410mcg/dl Decrease
I
Hemoglobin Men: I13- Men: I10-17g Anemia I common I in I the
18g/100ml Ielderly
Women: I None
Women: I12- Inoted
I16g
Hematocrit Men: I45-52% Slight Decline Iin
, Women I37- decreased hematopoiesisLeu
48%
speculated
I
Leukocytes 4,300– Drop I to I 3,100– Decrease I may I be I due I to
10,800/mm3 I9,000/mm3 Idrugs I or I sepsis I and Ishould
Inot Ibe Iattributed
Iimmediately Ito Iage
Lymphocytes 00–2,400 IT T-cell I and I B-cell Infection Irisk Ihigher;
cells/mm3 I50– Ilevels Ifall Iimmunization
200 IB Iencouraged
cells/mm3
Platelet 150,000– No Ichange Iin
350,000/ Inumber
Blood
IChemistry
Albumin 3.5–5.0 Decline Related Ito Idecrease Iin
Iliver I size I and I enzymes;
Iprotein-energy
Imalnutrition I common
Globulin 2.3–3.5 Slight I increase
Total Iserum 6.0–8.4 Ig No Ichange Decreases I may I indicate
Iprotein Imalnutrition, Iinfection,
Iliver Idisease
Blood I urea Men: I10–25 Increases Increases I significantly I upIto
Initrogen Isignificantly I up I69 Img
Women: I8–20 Ito I69 Img
Img
Creatinine 0.6–1.5 Img Increases Ito I1.9 Related Ito Ilean Ibody
Img Imass Idecrease
