NR 304 Health Assessment II Exam 1 Study
I I I I I I I
Guide I
Venous
< I Veins I= I parallel Ito Iarteries
Arterial < I Blood Iflow Iof Iveins Iis Iopposite
< I Heart I pumps I oxygenated Iblood Ithrough Iarteries Ito Iall < I Edema
Ibody Itissues < I 2+ Ipulse
< I No Ipulse/1+ Ipulse < I Brown Idiscoloration
< I Occlusions < I Warmness
< I Pallor: Isecondary Ito Iischemia, Icaused Iby Ilack Iof I blood < I Weeping IUlcer
Iflow < I I ILOW-PRESSURE I SYSTEM
< I Ulcers Iat Itips Iof Itoes < I Thin Iwalls
< I HIGH-PRESSURE ISYSTEM < I Larger Idiameter Iand Imore Idistensible; Ithey Ican Iexpand
< I Strong Iand Ihold Imore Iblood Ias Ivolume Iincreases
< I Tough artery Iwall Icharacteristics < I Compensatory Imechanism I reduces Istress Ion Ithe Iheart
< I Tense < IVeins Iare Icalled Icapacitance Ivessels Idue Ito Iability Ito
< I elastic Ifibers: Iallow Iwall Ito Istretch Iwith Isystole Iand Istretch
Irecoil Iwith Idiastole < I Absorb ICO2 Iand Iwaste Iproducts Ifrom Iperiphery Iand
< I muscle Ifibers: Icontrol Iblood Idelivered Ito Itissues I carryIthem Iback Ito Ithe Iheart
* VSM I(vascular Ismooth Imuscle) Icontracts Ior < I Body Ihas Imore Ivein, Iso Ithey Ilie Icloser Ito Ithe Iskin Isurface
Idilates, Iwhich Ichanges Ithe Idiameter Iof < I Veins Iare Iaccessible Ito Iexamination
IarteriesIto Icontrol Irate Iof Iblood Iflow < I Varicose IVeins
< Iall Iarteries Ihave Ia Ipressure Iwave, IPULSE, Ithrough Itheir * jugular Iveins
Ilength Ithat Ican Ionly Ibe Ifelt Iat Ibody Isite Iwhere Iartery
* veins Iin Iarm: Isuperficial Iand Ideep Iveins
IliesIover Ia Ibone * superficial Iveins: Iin Isubcut Itissue I+
* Temporal Iartery: Ipalpated Iin Ifront Iof Iear Iresponsible Ifor Imost Iof Ithe Ireturn
* Carotid Iartery: Ipalpated Iin Igroove Ibetween * deep Iveins
Isternomastoid Imuscle Iand Itrachea
* Veins IIn IThe ILegs:
* Brachial Iartery Iin Ithe Iarm 1. Deep Iveins: Irun Ialongside Ideep Iarteries I+
* Leg Iarteries Iconduct Imost Iof Ivenous Ireturn Ifrom Ilegs
* femoral Iartery: Iinguinal Iligament * Femoral Iand Ipopliteal Iveins
* popliteal Iartery: Ilower Ithigh * As Ilong Ias Iveins Iremain Iintact,
* dorsalis Ipedis Isuperficial Iveins Ican Ibe Iexcised
* posterior Itibial IwithoutIharming Icirculation
< I Ischemia: Ideficient Isupply Iof I oxygenated Iarterial Iblood 2. Superficial Iveins: Igreat Iand Ismall Isaphenous
Ito Itissue Icaused Iby Iobstruction Iof Iblood Ivessel Iveins
* Complete Iblockage Ileads Ito Ideath Iof Idistal * Great Isaphenous Ivein: Iinside Iof Ithe Ileg
Itissue * Small Isaphenous Ivein: Ioutside Iof Ithe Ileg
* Partial Iblockage Icreates Iinsufficient Isupply 3. Perforators: Iconnecting Iveins Ithat Ijoin Itwo
* Ischemia Imay Ibe Iapparent Ionly I@ Iexercise Isets
Iwhen Ioxygen Ineeds Iincrease * One-way Ivalves Ithat Iroute Iblood Ifrom
< IPeripheral Iartery Idisease I(PAD): Iaffects Inoncoronary Isuperficial Iand Ideep Iveins Iand Iprevent
Iarteries, Iusually Irefers Ito Iarteries Isupplying Ilimbs Ireflux Ito Isuperficial Iveins
* caused Iby Iatherosclerosis Ior I[less Icommonly] Iby
Iembolism, Ihypercoagulable Istates, Ior Iarterial
Idissection
,Lymphatics
* Form Iseparate Isystem Ithat Iretrieves Iexcess Ifluid Iand Iplasma Iproteins Ifrom Itissue Ispaces Iand Ireturns Ithem Ito
Ibloodstream
* Fluid Imoves Iaccording Ito Ifiltration I(pressure Igradient)
Purpose? IFilter Ithe Ipathogens Iout Iof Ithe Iblood Ito Ihelp Iwith Iimmunity
< I Cervical: Idrain Ithe Ihead, Iface, Iand Ineck
< I Axillary: Ibreasts
Breast Icancer I--> Ithese Iswell
< I Epitrochlear: Ihand Iand Ilower Iarm
* Hand Iinfection I--> Iepitrochlear Iswelling
< I Inguinal: Ilower Ilegs Iand Igenitals
* swelling? Iinfection Iof Ileg Ior Igenitals
Venous Flow I < I in Ilegs: Imechanism Iis Icalled Icalf Ipump Ior Iperipheral Iheart
< I Veins Idrain Ideoxygenated Iblood Iwith Iwaste < I When Iwalking, I calf Imuscles Ialternately Icontract I(systole) Iand
products Ifrom Itissues Iand Ireturn Iit Ito Ithe Iheart relax I(diastole)
< I I Low-pressure Isystem < I In Icontraction Iphase: Igastrocnemius I and Isoleus Imuscles Isqueeze
< I Don’t Ipump Ito Igenerate Itheir Iblood Iflow, Ithey veins Iand Idirect Iblood Iflow Iproximally
need Ia Imechanism Ito Ikeep Iblood Imoving < I Due Ito Ithe Ivalves, Ivenous Iblood Iflows Ijust IONE Iway I– Itoward
< I Accomplished Iby Ithe Ifollowing: the Iheart
1. contracting Iskeletal Imuscles Ithat Imilk Ithe < I Efficient Ivenous Ireturn Idepends Ion Icontracting Iskeletal Imuscles,
Iblood Iproximally, Iback Itoward Ithe Iheart competent Ivalves Iin Iveins, Ipatent Ilumen
2. pressure Igradient Icaused Iby Ibreathing, Iin < I Problems Iwith Iskeletal Imuscles, Icompetent Ivalves, Ior Ipatent
inspiration Imakes Ithoracic Ipressure Idecrease lumen Iresults Iin Ivenous Istasis
and Iabdominal Ipressure Iincrease < I At Irisk Ifor Ivenous Idisease I= Ipeople Iwho Iundergo Iprolonged
standing, Isitting, Ior Ibed Irest
3. intraluminal Ivalves Iensure Iunidirectional
flow * they IDON'T Ibenefit Ifrom Ithe Imilking Iaction Ithat
each Ivalve Iis Ipair Isemilunar Ipocket Ithat Iopens walking Iaccomplishes.
toward Ithe Iheart Iand Icloses Itightly Iwhen Ifilled Ito < I Hypercoagulable Istates Iand Ivein Iwall Itrauma I= Iother Ifactors Ithat
prevent Ibackflow Iof Iblood increase Irisk Ifor Ivenous Idisease
< IVaricose Iveins: I(dilated Ior Itortuous) Iveins Icreate
Iincompetent Ivalves, Iwherein Ithe Ilumen Iis Iso
Iwide Ithat Ithe Ivalve Icusps Icannot Iapproximate
< I This I condition Iincreases I venous Ipressure, I which
Ifurther Idilates Ithe Ivein.
< I Some Ipeople Ihave Ia Igenetic Ipredisposition Ito
Ivaricose Iveins, Ibut Ivenous Ipooling Ioccurs Iin
Iobese Ipeople Iand Iwomen Ifollowing Imultiple
Ipregnancies
,
I I I I I I I
Guide I
Venous
< I Veins I= I parallel Ito Iarteries
Arterial < I Blood Iflow Iof Iveins Iis Iopposite
< I Heart I pumps I oxygenated Iblood Ithrough Iarteries Ito Iall < I Edema
Ibody Itissues < I 2+ Ipulse
< I No Ipulse/1+ Ipulse < I Brown Idiscoloration
< I Occlusions < I Warmness
< I Pallor: Isecondary Ito Iischemia, Icaused Iby Ilack Iof I blood < I Weeping IUlcer
Iflow < I I ILOW-PRESSURE I SYSTEM
< I Ulcers Iat Itips Iof Itoes < I Thin Iwalls
< I HIGH-PRESSURE ISYSTEM < I Larger Idiameter Iand Imore Idistensible; Ithey Ican Iexpand
< I Strong Iand Ihold Imore Iblood Ias Ivolume Iincreases
< I Tough artery Iwall Icharacteristics < I Compensatory Imechanism I reduces Istress Ion Ithe Iheart
< I Tense < IVeins Iare Icalled Icapacitance Ivessels Idue Ito Iability Ito
< I elastic Ifibers: Iallow Iwall Ito Istretch Iwith Isystole Iand Istretch
Irecoil Iwith Idiastole < I Absorb ICO2 Iand Iwaste Iproducts Ifrom Iperiphery Iand
< I muscle Ifibers: Icontrol Iblood Idelivered Ito Itissues I carryIthem Iback Ito Ithe Iheart
* VSM I(vascular Ismooth Imuscle) Icontracts Ior < I Body Ihas Imore Ivein, Iso Ithey Ilie Icloser Ito Ithe Iskin Isurface
Idilates, Iwhich Ichanges Ithe Idiameter Iof < I Veins Iare Iaccessible Ito Iexamination
IarteriesIto Icontrol Irate Iof Iblood Iflow < I Varicose IVeins
< Iall Iarteries Ihave Ia Ipressure Iwave, IPULSE, Ithrough Itheir * jugular Iveins
Ilength Ithat Ican Ionly Ibe Ifelt Iat Ibody Isite Iwhere Iartery
* veins Iin Iarm: Isuperficial Iand Ideep Iveins
IliesIover Ia Ibone * superficial Iveins: Iin Isubcut Itissue I+
* Temporal Iartery: Ipalpated Iin Ifront Iof Iear Iresponsible Ifor Imost Iof Ithe Ireturn
* Carotid Iartery: Ipalpated Iin Igroove Ibetween * deep Iveins
Isternomastoid Imuscle Iand Itrachea
* Veins IIn IThe ILegs:
* Brachial Iartery Iin Ithe Iarm 1. Deep Iveins: Irun Ialongside Ideep Iarteries I+
* Leg Iarteries Iconduct Imost Iof Ivenous Ireturn Ifrom Ilegs
* femoral Iartery: Iinguinal Iligament * Femoral Iand Ipopliteal Iveins
* popliteal Iartery: Ilower Ithigh * As Ilong Ias Iveins Iremain Iintact,
* dorsalis Ipedis Isuperficial Iveins Ican Ibe Iexcised
* posterior Itibial IwithoutIharming Icirculation
< I Ischemia: Ideficient Isupply Iof I oxygenated Iarterial Iblood 2. Superficial Iveins: Igreat Iand Ismall Isaphenous
Ito Itissue Icaused Iby Iobstruction Iof Iblood Ivessel Iveins
* Complete Iblockage Ileads Ito Ideath Iof Idistal * Great Isaphenous Ivein: Iinside Iof Ithe Ileg
Itissue * Small Isaphenous Ivein: Ioutside Iof Ithe Ileg
* Partial Iblockage Icreates Iinsufficient Isupply 3. Perforators: Iconnecting Iveins Ithat Ijoin Itwo
* Ischemia Imay Ibe Iapparent Ionly I@ Iexercise Isets
Iwhen Ioxygen Ineeds Iincrease * One-way Ivalves Ithat Iroute Iblood Ifrom
< IPeripheral Iartery Idisease I(PAD): Iaffects Inoncoronary Isuperficial Iand Ideep Iveins Iand Iprevent
Iarteries, Iusually Irefers Ito Iarteries Isupplying Ilimbs Ireflux Ito Isuperficial Iveins
* caused Iby Iatherosclerosis Ior I[less Icommonly] Iby
Iembolism, Ihypercoagulable Istates, Ior Iarterial
Idissection
,Lymphatics
* Form Iseparate Isystem Ithat Iretrieves Iexcess Ifluid Iand Iplasma Iproteins Ifrom Itissue Ispaces Iand Ireturns Ithem Ito
Ibloodstream
* Fluid Imoves Iaccording Ito Ifiltration I(pressure Igradient)
Purpose? IFilter Ithe Ipathogens Iout Iof Ithe Iblood Ito Ihelp Iwith Iimmunity
< I Cervical: Idrain Ithe Ihead, Iface, Iand Ineck
< I Axillary: Ibreasts
Breast Icancer I--> Ithese Iswell
< I Epitrochlear: Ihand Iand Ilower Iarm
* Hand Iinfection I--> Iepitrochlear Iswelling
< I Inguinal: Ilower Ilegs Iand Igenitals
* swelling? Iinfection Iof Ileg Ior Igenitals
Venous Flow I < I in Ilegs: Imechanism Iis Icalled Icalf Ipump Ior Iperipheral Iheart
< I Veins Idrain Ideoxygenated Iblood Iwith Iwaste < I When Iwalking, I calf Imuscles Ialternately Icontract I(systole) Iand
products Ifrom Itissues Iand Ireturn Iit Ito Ithe Iheart relax I(diastole)
< I I Low-pressure Isystem < I In Icontraction Iphase: Igastrocnemius I and Isoleus Imuscles Isqueeze
< I Don’t Ipump Ito Igenerate Itheir Iblood Iflow, Ithey veins Iand Idirect Iblood Iflow Iproximally
need Ia Imechanism Ito Ikeep Iblood Imoving < I Due Ito Ithe Ivalves, Ivenous Iblood Iflows Ijust IONE Iway I– Itoward
< I Accomplished Iby Ithe Ifollowing: the Iheart
1. contracting Iskeletal Imuscles Ithat Imilk Ithe < I Efficient Ivenous Ireturn Idepends Ion Icontracting Iskeletal Imuscles,
Iblood Iproximally, Iback Itoward Ithe Iheart competent Ivalves Iin Iveins, Ipatent Ilumen
2. pressure Igradient Icaused Iby Ibreathing, Iin < I Problems Iwith Iskeletal Imuscles, Icompetent Ivalves, Ior Ipatent
inspiration Imakes Ithoracic Ipressure Idecrease lumen Iresults Iin Ivenous Istasis
and Iabdominal Ipressure Iincrease < I At Irisk Ifor Ivenous Idisease I= Ipeople Iwho Iundergo Iprolonged
standing, Isitting, Ior Ibed Irest
3. intraluminal Ivalves Iensure Iunidirectional
flow * they IDON'T Ibenefit Ifrom Ithe Imilking Iaction Ithat
each Ivalve Iis Ipair Isemilunar Ipocket Ithat Iopens walking Iaccomplishes.
toward Ithe Iheart Iand Icloses Itightly Iwhen Ifilled Ito < I Hypercoagulable Istates Iand Ivein Iwall Itrauma I= Iother Ifactors Ithat
prevent Ibackflow Iof Iblood increase Irisk Ifor Ivenous Idisease
< IVaricose Iveins: I(dilated Ior Itortuous) Iveins Icreate
Iincompetent Ivalves, Iwherein Ithe Ilumen Iis Iso
Iwide Ithat Ithe Ivalve Icusps Icannot Iapproximate
< I This I condition Iincreases I venous Ipressure, I which
Ifurther Idilates Ithe Ivein.
< I Some Ipeople Ihave Ia Igenetic Ipredisposition Ito
Ivaricose Iveins, Ibut Ivenous Ipooling Ioccurs Iin
Iobese Ipeople Iand Iwomen Ifollowing Imultiple
Ipregnancies
,
