NR508 Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam Test Bank
I I I I I I
Chapter I1
1. Nurse Ipractitioner Iprescriptive Iauthority Iis Iregulated Iby:
1 The INational ICouncil Iof IState IBoards Iof INursing
.
2 The IU.S. IDrug IEnforcement IAdministration
.
3 The IState IBoard Iof INursing Ifor Ieach Istate
.
4 The IState IBoard Iof IPharmacy
.
2. The Ibenefits Ito Ithe Ipatient Iof Ihaving Ian IAdvanced IPractice IRegistered INurse I(APRN) Iprescriber Iinclude:
1. Nurses Iknow Imore Iabout IPharmacology Ithan Iother Iprescribers Ibecause Ithey Itake Iit
both Iin Itheir Ibasic Inursing Iprogram Iand Iin Itheir IAPRN Iprogram.
I
2. Nurses Icare Ifor Ithe Ipatient Ifrom Ia Iholistic Iapproach Iand Iinclude Ithe Ipatient Iin
Idecision Imaking Iregarding Itheir Icare.
3. APRNs Iare Iless Ilikely Ito Iprescribe Inarcotics Iand Iother Icontrolled Isubstances.
4. APRNs Iare Iable Ito Iprescribe Iindependently Iin Iall Istates, Iwhereas Ia Iphysician’s
Iassistant Ineeds Ito Ihave Ia Iphysician Isupervising Itheir Ipractice.
3. Clinical Ijudgment Iin Iprescribing Iincludes:
1. Factoring Iin Ithe Icost Ito Ithe Ipatient Iof Ithe Imedication Iprescribed
2. Always Iprescribing Ithe Inewest Imedication Iavailable Ifor Ithe Idisease Iprocess
3. Handing Iout Idrug Isamples Ito Ipoor Ipatients
4. Prescribing Iall Igeneric Imedications Ito Icut Icosts
4. Criteria Ifor Ichoosing Ian Ieffective Idrug Ifor Ia Idisorder Iinclude:
1. Asking Ithe Ipatient Iwhat Idrug Ithey Ithink Iwould Iwork Ibest Ifor Ithem
2. Consulting Inationally Irecognized Iguidelines Ifor Idisease Imanagement
3. Prescribing Imedications Ithat Iare Iavailable Ias Isamples Ibefore Iwriting Ia Iprescription
4. Following IU.S. IDrug IEnforcement IAdministration Iguidelines Ifor Iprescribing
5.Nurse Ipractitioner Ipractice Imay Ithrive Iunder Ihealth-care Ireform Ibecause Iof:
1. The Idemonstrated Iability Iof Inurse Ipractitioners Ito Icontrol Icosts Iand Iimprove
patient Ioutcomes
I
2. The Ifact Ithat Inurse Ipractitioners Iwill Ibe Iable Ito Ipractice Iindependently
3. The Ifact Ithat Inurse Ipractitioners Iwill Ihave Ifull Ireimbursement Iunder Ihealth-care
Ireform
4. The Iability Ito Ishift Iaccountability Ifor IMedicaid Ito Ithe Istate Ilevel
Chapter 2. Review of Basic Principles of Pharmacology
I I I I I I I
1.A patient’s Inutritional Iintake Iand Ilaboratory Iresults Ireflect Ihypoalbuminemia. IThis Iis Icritical Ito Iprescribing
because:
I
1. Distribution Iof Idrugs Ito Itarget Itissue Imay Ibe Iaffected.
2. The Isolubility Iof Ithe Idrug Iwill Inot Imatch Ithe Isite Iof Iabsorption.
3. There Iwill Ibe Iless Ifree Idrug Iavailable Ito Igenerate Ian Ieffect.
, 4. Drugs Ibound Ito Ialbumin Iare Ireadily Iexcreted Iby Ithe Ikidneys.
2. Drugs Ithat Ihave Ia Isignificant Ifirst-pass Ieffect:
1. Must Ibe Igiven Iby Ithe Ienteral I(oral) Iroute Ionly
2. Bypass Ithe Ihepatic Icirculation
3. Are Irapidly Imetabolized Iby Ithe Iliver Iand Imay Ihave Ilittle Iif Iany Idesired Iaction
4. Are Iconverted Iby Ithe Iliver Ito Imore Iactive Iand Ifat-soluble Iforms
3. The Iroute Iof Iexcretion Iof Ia Ivolatile Idrug Iwill Ilikely Ibe Ithe:
1. Kidneys
2. Lungs
3. Bile Iand Ifeces
4. Skin
4. Medroxyprogesterone I(Depo IProvera) Iis Iprescribed Iintramuscularly I(IM) Ito Icreate Ia Istorage Ireservoir Iof
the Idrug. IStorage Ireservoirs:
I
1. Assure Ithat Ithe Idrug Iwill Ireach Iits Iintended Itarget Itissue
2. Are Ithe Ireason Ifor Igiving Iloading Idoses
3. Increase Ithe Ilength Iof Itime Ia Idrug Iis Iavailable Iand Iactive
4. Are Imost Icommon Iin Icollagen Itissues
5. The INP Ichooses Ito Igive Icephalexin Ievery I8 Ihours Ibased Ion Iknowledge Iof Ithe Idrug’s:
1. Propensity Ito Igo Ito Ithe Itarget Ireceptor
2. Biological Ihalf-life
3. Pharmacodynamics
4. Safety Iand Iside Ieffects
6. Azithromycin Idosing Irequires Ithat Ithe Ifirst Iday’s Idosage Ibe Itwice Ithose Iof Ithe Iother I4 Idays Iof Ithe
prescription. IThis Iis Iconsidered Ia Iloading Idose. IA Iloading Idose:
I
1. Rapidly Iachieves Idrug Ilevels Iin Ithe Itherapeutic Irange
2. Requires Ifour- Ito Ifive-half-lives Ito Iattain
3. Is Iinfluenced Iby Irenal Ifunction
4. Is Idirectly Irelated Ito Ithe Idrug Icirculating Ito Ithe Itarget Itissues
7. The Ipoint Iin Itime Ion Ithe Idrug Iconcentration Icurve Ithat Iindicates Ithe Ifirst Isign Iof Ia Itherapeutic Ieffect Iis Ithe:
1. Minimum Iadverse Ieffect Ilevel
2. Peak Iof Iaction
3. Onset Iof Iaction
4. Therapeutic Irange
8. Phenytoin Irequires Ithat Ia Itrough Ilevel Ibe Idrawn. IPeak Iand Itrough Ilevels Iare Idone:
1. When Ithe Idrug Ihas Ia Iwide Itherapeutic Irange
2. When Ithe Idrug Iwill Ibe Iadministered Ifor Ia Ishort Itime Ionly
3. When Ithere Iis Ia Ihigh Icorrelation Ibetween Ithe Idose Iand Isaturation Iof Ireceptor Isites
4. To Idetermine Iif Ia Idrug Iis Iin Ithe Itherapeutic Irange
9. A Ilaboratory Iresult Iindicates Ithat Ithe Ipeak Ilevel Ifor Ia Idrug Iis Iabove Ithe Iminimum Itoxic Iconcentration. IThis
means Ithat Ithe:
I
1. Concentration Iwill Iproduce Itherapeutic Ieffects
, 2. Concentration Iwill Iproduce Ian Iadverse Iresponse
3. Time Ibetween Idoses Imust Ibe Ishortened
4. Duration Iof Iaction Iof Ithe Idrug Iis Itoo Ilong
10. Drugs Ithat Iare Ireceptor Iagonists Imay Idemonstrate Iwhat Iproperty?
1. Irreversible Ibinding Ito Ithe Idrug Ireceptor Isite
2. Upregulation Iwith Ichronic Iuse
3. Desensitization Ior Idownregulation Iwith Icontinuous Iuse
4. Inverse Irelationship Ibetween Idrug Iconcentration Iand Idrug Iaction
11. Drugs Ithat Iare Ireceptor Iantagonists, Isuch Ias Ibeta Iblockers, Imay Icause:
1. Downregulation Iof Ithe Idrug Ireceptor
2. An Iexaggerated Iresponse Iif Iabruptly Idiscontinued
3. Partial Iblockade Iof Ithe Ieffects Iof Iagonist Idrugs
4. An Iexaggerated Iresponse Ito Icompetitive Idrug Iagonists
12. Factors Ithat Iaffect Igastric Idrug Iabsorption Iinclude:
1. Liver Ienzyme Iactivity
2. Protein-binding Iproperties Iof Ithe Idrug Imolecule
3. Lipid Isolubility Iof Ithe Idrug
4. Ability Ito Ichew Iand Iswallow
13. Drugs Iadministered Ivia IIV:
1. Need Ito Ibe Ilipid Isoluble Iin Iorder Ito Ibe Ieasily Iabsorbed
2. Begin Idistribution Iinto Ithe Ibody Iimmediately
3. Are Ieasily Iabsorbed Iif Ithey Iare Inonionized
4. May Iuse Ipinocytosis Ito Ibe Iabsorbed
14. When Ia Imedication Iis Iadded Ito Ia Iregimen Ifor Ia Isynergistic Ieffect, Ithe Icombined Ieffect Iof Ithe Idrugs Iis:
1. The Isum Iof Ithe Ieffects Iof Ieach Idrug Iindividually
2. Greater Ithan Ithe Isum Iof Ithe Ieffects Iof Ieach Idrug Iindividually
3. Less Ithan Ithe Ieffect Iof Ieach Idrug Iindividually
4. Not Ipredictable, Ias Iit Ivaries Iwith Ieach Iindividual
15. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Iabout Ibioavailability Iis Itrue?
1. Bioavailability Iissues Iare Iespecially Iimportant Ifor Idrugs Iwith Inarrow
therapeutic Iranges Ior Isustained-release Imechanisms.
I
2. All Ibrands Iof Ia Idrug Ihave Ithe Isame Ibioavailability.
3. Drugs Ithat Iare Iadministered Imore Ithan Ionce Ia Iday Ihave Igreater Ibioavailability Ithan
drugs Igiven Ionce Idaily.
I
4. Combining Ian Iactive Idrug Iwith Ian Iinert Isubstance Idoes Inot Iaffect Ibioavailability.
16. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Iabout Ithe Imajor Idistribution Ibarriers I(blood-brain Ior Ifetal-placental) Iis
true?
I
1. Water Isoluble Iand Iionized Idrugs Icross Ithese Ibarriers Irapidly.
2. The Iblood-brain Ibarrier Islows Ithe Ientry Iof Imany Idrugs Iinto Iand Ifrom Ibrain
Icells.
3. The Ifetal-placental Ibarrier Iprotects Ithe Ifetus Ifrom Idrugs Itaken Iby Ithe Imother.
4. Lipid-soluble Idrugs Ido Inot Ipass Ithese Ibarriers Iand Iare Isafe Ifor Ipregnant Iwomen.
, 17. Drugs Iare Imetabolized Imainly Iby Ithe Iliver Ivia Iphase II Ior Iphase III Ireactions. IThe Ipurpose Iof Iboth Iof Ithese
types Iof Ireactions Iis Ito:
I
1. Inactivate Iprodrugs Ibefore Ithey Ican Ibe Iactivated Iby Itarget Itissues
2. Change Ithe Idrugs Iso Ithey Ican Icross Iplasma Imembranes
3. Change Idrug Imolecules Ito Ia Iform Ithat Ian Iexcretory Iorgan Ican Iexcrete
4. Make Ithese Idrugs Imore Iionized Iand Ipolar Ito Ifacilitate Iexcretion
18. Once Ithey Ihave Ibeen Imetabolized Iby Ithe Iliver, Ithe Imetabolites Imay Ibe:
1. More Iactive Ithan Ithe Iparent Idrug
2. Less Iactive Ithan Ithe Iparent Idrug
3. Totally I“deactivated” Iso Ithey Iare Iexcreted Iwithout Iany Ieffect
4. All Iof Ithe Iabove
19. All Idrugs Icontinue Ito Iact Iin Ithe Ibody Iuntil Ithey Iare Ichanged Ior Iexcreted. IThe Iability Iof Ithe Ibody Ito Iexcrete
drugs Ivia Ithe Irenal Isystem Iwould Ibe Iincreased Iby:
I
1. Reduced Icirculation Iand Iperfusion Iof Ithe Ikidney
2. Chronic Irenal Idisease
3. Competition Ifor Ia Itransport Isite Iby Ianother Idrug
4. Unbinding Ia Inonvolatile Idrug Ifrom Iplasma Iproteins
20. Steady Istate Iis:
1. The Ipoint Ion Ithe Idrug Iconcentration Icurve Iwhen Iabsorption Iexceeds Iexcretion
2. When Ithe Iamount Iof Idrug Iin Ithe Ibody Iremains Iconstant
3. When Ithe Iamount Iof Idrug Iin Ithe Ibody Istays Ibelow Ithe Iminimum Itoxic
concentration
I
4. All Iof Ithe Iabove
21. Two Idifferent Ipain Imedications Iare Igiven Itogether Ifor Ipain Irelief. IThe Idrug—drug Iinteraction Iis:
1. Synergistic
2. Antagonistic
3. Potentiative
4. Additive
22. Actions Itaken Ito Ireduce Idrug—drug Iinteraction Iproblems Iinclude Iall Iof Ithe Ifollowing IEXCEPT:
1. Reducing Ithe Idosage Iof Ione Iof Ithe Idrugs
2. Scheduling Itheir Iadministration Iat Idifferent Itimes
3. Prescribing Ia Ithird Idrug Ito Icounteract Ithe Iadverse Ireaction Iof Ithe Icombination
4. Reducing Ithe Idosage Iof Iboth Idrugs
23. Phase II Ioxidative-reductive Iprocesses Iof Idrug Imetabolism Irequire Icertain Inutritional Ielements. IWhich Iof
the Ifollowing Iwould Ireduce Ior Iinhibit Ithis Iprocess?
I
1. Protein Imalnutrition
2. Iron-deficiency Ianemia
3. Both I1 Iand I2
4. Neither I1 Inor I2
24. The Itime Irequired Ifor Ithe Iamount Iof Idrug Iin Ithe Ibody Ito Idecrease Iby I50% Iis Icalled:
1. Steady Istate
I I I I I I
Chapter I1
1. Nurse Ipractitioner Iprescriptive Iauthority Iis Iregulated Iby:
1 The INational ICouncil Iof IState IBoards Iof INursing
.
2 The IU.S. IDrug IEnforcement IAdministration
.
3 The IState IBoard Iof INursing Ifor Ieach Istate
.
4 The IState IBoard Iof IPharmacy
.
2. The Ibenefits Ito Ithe Ipatient Iof Ihaving Ian IAdvanced IPractice IRegistered INurse I(APRN) Iprescriber Iinclude:
1. Nurses Iknow Imore Iabout IPharmacology Ithan Iother Iprescribers Ibecause Ithey Itake Iit
both Iin Itheir Ibasic Inursing Iprogram Iand Iin Itheir IAPRN Iprogram.
I
2. Nurses Icare Ifor Ithe Ipatient Ifrom Ia Iholistic Iapproach Iand Iinclude Ithe Ipatient Iin
Idecision Imaking Iregarding Itheir Icare.
3. APRNs Iare Iless Ilikely Ito Iprescribe Inarcotics Iand Iother Icontrolled Isubstances.
4. APRNs Iare Iable Ito Iprescribe Iindependently Iin Iall Istates, Iwhereas Ia Iphysician’s
Iassistant Ineeds Ito Ihave Ia Iphysician Isupervising Itheir Ipractice.
3. Clinical Ijudgment Iin Iprescribing Iincludes:
1. Factoring Iin Ithe Icost Ito Ithe Ipatient Iof Ithe Imedication Iprescribed
2. Always Iprescribing Ithe Inewest Imedication Iavailable Ifor Ithe Idisease Iprocess
3. Handing Iout Idrug Isamples Ito Ipoor Ipatients
4. Prescribing Iall Igeneric Imedications Ito Icut Icosts
4. Criteria Ifor Ichoosing Ian Ieffective Idrug Ifor Ia Idisorder Iinclude:
1. Asking Ithe Ipatient Iwhat Idrug Ithey Ithink Iwould Iwork Ibest Ifor Ithem
2. Consulting Inationally Irecognized Iguidelines Ifor Idisease Imanagement
3. Prescribing Imedications Ithat Iare Iavailable Ias Isamples Ibefore Iwriting Ia Iprescription
4. Following IU.S. IDrug IEnforcement IAdministration Iguidelines Ifor Iprescribing
5.Nurse Ipractitioner Ipractice Imay Ithrive Iunder Ihealth-care Ireform Ibecause Iof:
1. The Idemonstrated Iability Iof Inurse Ipractitioners Ito Icontrol Icosts Iand Iimprove
patient Ioutcomes
I
2. The Ifact Ithat Inurse Ipractitioners Iwill Ibe Iable Ito Ipractice Iindependently
3. The Ifact Ithat Inurse Ipractitioners Iwill Ihave Ifull Ireimbursement Iunder Ihealth-care
Ireform
4. The Iability Ito Ishift Iaccountability Ifor IMedicaid Ito Ithe Istate Ilevel
Chapter 2. Review of Basic Principles of Pharmacology
I I I I I I I
1.A patient’s Inutritional Iintake Iand Ilaboratory Iresults Ireflect Ihypoalbuminemia. IThis Iis Icritical Ito Iprescribing
because:
I
1. Distribution Iof Idrugs Ito Itarget Itissue Imay Ibe Iaffected.
2. The Isolubility Iof Ithe Idrug Iwill Inot Imatch Ithe Isite Iof Iabsorption.
3. There Iwill Ibe Iless Ifree Idrug Iavailable Ito Igenerate Ian Ieffect.
, 4. Drugs Ibound Ito Ialbumin Iare Ireadily Iexcreted Iby Ithe Ikidneys.
2. Drugs Ithat Ihave Ia Isignificant Ifirst-pass Ieffect:
1. Must Ibe Igiven Iby Ithe Ienteral I(oral) Iroute Ionly
2. Bypass Ithe Ihepatic Icirculation
3. Are Irapidly Imetabolized Iby Ithe Iliver Iand Imay Ihave Ilittle Iif Iany Idesired Iaction
4. Are Iconverted Iby Ithe Iliver Ito Imore Iactive Iand Ifat-soluble Iforms
3. The Iroute Iof Iexcretion Iof Ia Ivolatile Idrug Iwill Ilikely Ibe Ithe:
1. Kidneys
2. Lungs
3. Bile Iand Ifeces
4. Skin
4. Medroxyprogesterone I(Depo IProvera) Iis Iprescribed Iintramuscularly I(IM) Ito Icreate Ia Istorage Ireservoir Iof
the Idrug. IStorage Ireservoirs:
I
1. Assure Ithat Ithe Idrug Iwill Ireach Iits Iintended Itarget Itissue
2. Are Ithe Ireason Ifor Igiving Iloading Idoses
3. Increase Ithe Ilength Iof Itime Ia Idrug Iis Iavailable Iand Iactive
4. Are Imost Icommon Iin Icollagen Itissues
5. The INP Ichooses Ito Igive Icephalexin Ievery I8 Ihours Ibased Ion Iknowledge Iof Ithe Idrug’s:
1. Propensity Ito Igo Ito Ithe Itarget Ireceptor
2. Biological Ihalf-life
3. Pharmacodynamics
4. Safety Iand Iside Ieffects
6. Azithromycin Idosing Irequires Ithat Ithe Ifirst Iday’s Idosage Ibe Itwice Ithose Iof Ithe Iother I4 Idays Iof Ithe
prescription. IThis Iis Iconsidered Ia Iloading Idose. IA Iloading Idose:
I
1. Rapidly Iachieves Idrug Ilevels Iin Ithe Itherapeutic Irange
2. Requires Ifour- Ito Ifive-half-lives Ito Iattain
3. Is Iinfluenced Iby Irenal Ifunction
4. Is Idirectly Irelated Ito Ithe Idrug Icirculating Ito Ithe Itarget Itissues
7. The Ipoint Iin Itime Ion Ithe Idrug Iconcentration Icurve Ithat Iindicates Ithe Ifirst Isign Iof Ia Itherapeutic Ieffect Iis Ithe:
1. Minimum Iadverse Ieffect Ilevel
2. Peak Iof Iaction
3. Onset Iof Iaction
4. Therapeutic Irange
8. Phenytoin Irequires Ithat Ia Itrough Ilevel Ibe Idrawn. IPeak Iand Itrough Ilevels Iare Idone:
1. When Ithe Idrug Ihas Ia Iwide Itherapeutic Irange
2. When Ithe Idrug Iwill Ibe Iadministered Ifor Ia Ishort Itime Ionly
3. When Ithere Iis Ia Ihigh Icorrelation Ibetween Ithe Idose Iand Isaturation Iof Ireceptor Isites
4. To Idetermine Iif Ia Idrug Iis Iin Ithe Itherapeutic Irange
9. A Ilaboratory Iresult Iindicates Ithat Ithe Ipeak Ilevel Ifor Ia Idrug Iis Iabove Ithe Iminimum Itoxic Iconcentration. IThis
means Ithat Ithe:
I
1. Concentration Iwill Iproduce Itherapeutic Ieffects
, 2. Concentration Iwill Iproduce Ian Iadverse Iresponse
3. Time Ibetween Idoses Imust Ibe Ishortened
4. Duration Iof Iaction Iof Ithe Idrug Iis Itoo Ilong
10. Drugs Ithat Iare Ireceptor Iagonists Imay Idemonstrate Iwhat Iproperty?
1. Irreversible Ibinding Ito Ithe Idrug Ireceptor Isite
2. Upregulation Iwith Ichronic Iuse
3. Desensitization Ior Idownregulation Iwith Icontinuous Iuse
4. Inverse Irelationship Ibetween Idrug Iconcentration Iand Idrug Iaction
11. Drugs Ithat Iare Ireceptor Iantagonists, Isuch Ias Ibeta Iblockers, Imay Icause:
1. Downregulation Iof Ithe Idrug Ireceptor
2. An Iexaggerated Iresponse Iif Iabruptly Idiscontinued
3. Partial Iblockade Iof Ithe Ieffects Iof Iagonist Idrugs
4. An Iexaggerated Iresponse Ito Icompetitive Idrug Iagonists
12. Factors Ithat Iaffect Igastric Idrug Iabsorption Iinclude:
1. Liver Ienzyme Iactivity
2. Protein-binding Iproperties Iof Ithe Idrug Imolecule
3. Lipid Isolubility Iof Ithe Idrug
4. Ability Ito Ichew Iand Iswallow
13. Drugs Iadministered Ivia IIV:
1. Need Ito Ibe Ilipid Isoluble Iin Iorder Ito Ibe Ieasily Iabsorbed
2. Begin Idistribution Iinto Ithe Ibody Iimmediately
3. Are Ieasily Iabsorbed Iif Ithey Iare Inonionized
4. May Iuse Ipinocytosis Ito Ibe Iabsorbed
14. When Ia Imedication Iis Iadded Ito Ia Iregimen Ifor Ia Isynergistic Ieffect, Ithe Icombined Ieffect Iof Ithe Idrugs Iis:
1. The Isum Iof Ithe Ieffects Iof Ieach Idrug Iindividually
2. Greater Ithan Ithe Isum Iof Ithe Ieffects Iof Ieach Idrug Iindividually
3. Less Ithan Ithe Ieffect Iof Ieach Idrug Iindividually
4. Not Ipredictable, Ias Iit Ivaries Iwith Ieach Iindividual
15. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Iabout Ibioavailability Iis Itrue?
1. Bioavailability Iissues Iare Iespecially Iimportant Ifor Idrugs Iwith Inarrow
therapeutic Iranges Ior Isustained-release Imechanisms.
I
2. All Ibrands Iof Ia Idrug Ihave Ithe Isame Ibioavailability.
3. Drugs Ithat Iare Iadministered Imore Ithan Ionce Ia Iday Ihave Igreater Ibioavailability Ithan
drugs Igiven Ionce Idaily.
I
4. Combining Ian Iactive Idrug Iwith Ian Iinert Isubstance Idoes Inot Iaffect Ibioavailability.
16. Which Iof Ithe Ifollowing Istatements Iabout Ithe Imajor Idistribution Ibarriers I(blood-brain Ior Ifetal-placental) Iis
true?
I
1. Water Isoluble Iand Iionized Idrugs Icross Ithese Ibarriers Irapidly.
2. The Iblood-brain Ibarrier Islows Ithe Ientry Iof Imany Idrugs Iinto Iand Ifrom Ibrain
Icells.
3. The Ifetal-placental Ibarrier Iprotects Ithe Ifetus Ifrom Idrugs Itaken Iby Ithe Imother.
4. Lipid-soluble Idrugs Ido Inot Ipass Ithese Ibarriers Iand Iare Isafe Ifor Ipregnant Iwomen.
, 17. Drugs Iare Imetabolized Imainly Iby Ithe Iliver Ivia Iphase II Ior Iphase III Ireactions. IThe Ipurpose Iof Iboth Iof Ithese
types Iof Ireactions Iis Ito:
I
1. Inactivate Iprodrugs Ibefore Ithey Ican Ibe Iactivated Iby Itarget Itissues
2. Change Ithe Idrugs Iso Ithey Ican Icross Iplasma Imembranes
3. Change Idrug Imolecules Ito Ia Iform Ithat Ian Iexcretory Iorgan Ican Iexcrete
4. Make Ithese Idrugs Imore Iionized Iand Ipolar Ito Ifacilitate Iexcretion
18. Once Ithey Ihave Ibeen Imetabolized Iby Ithe Iliver, Ithe Imetabolites Imay Ibe:
1. More Iactive Ithan Ithe Iparent Idrug
2. Less Iactive Ithan Ithe Iparent Idrug
3. Totally I“deactivated” Iso Ithey Iare Iexcreted Iwithout Iany Ieffect
4. All Iof Ithe Iabove
19. All Idrugs Icontinue Ito Iact Iin Ithe Ibody Iuntil Ithey Iare Ichanged Ior Iexcreted. IThe Iability Iof Ithe Ibody Ito Iexcrete
drugs Ivia Ithe Irenal Isystem Iwould Ibe Iincreased Iby:
I
1. Reduced Icirculation Iand Iperfusion Iof Ithe Ikidney
2. Chronic Irenal Idisease
3. Competition Ifor Ia Itransport Isite Iby Ianother Idrug
4. Unbinding Ia Inonvolatile Idrug Ifrom Iplasma Iproteins
20. Steady Istate Iis:
1. The Ipoint Ion Ithe Idrug Iconcentration Icurve Iwhen Iabsorption Iexceeds Iexcretion
2. When Ithe Iamount Iof Idrug Iin Ithe Ibody Iremains Iconstant
3. When Ithe Iamount Iof Idrug Iin Ithe Ibody Istays Ibelow Ithe Iminimum Itoxic
concentration
I
4. All Iof Ithe Iabove
21. Two Idifferent Ipain Imedications Iare Igiven Itogether Ifor Ipain Irelief. IThe Idrug—drug Iinteraction Iis:
1. Synergistic
2. Antagonistic
3. Potentiative
4. Additive
22. Actions Itaken Ito Ireduce Idrug—drug Iinteraction Iproblems Iinclude Iall Iof Ithe Ifollowing IEXCEPT:
1. Reducing Ithe Idosage Iof Ione Iof Ithe Idrugs
2. Scheduling Itheir Iadministration Iat Idifferent Itimes
3. Prescribing Ia Ithird Idrug Ito Icounteract Ithe Iadverse Ireaction Iof Ithe Icombination
4. Reducing Ithe Idosage Iof Iboth Idrugs
23. Phase II Ioxidative-reductive Iprocesses Iof Idrug Imetabolism Irequire Icertain Inutritional Ielements. IWhich Iof
the Ifollowing Iwould Ireduce Ior Iinhibit Ithis Iprocess?
I
1. Protein Imalnutrition
2. Iron-deficiency Ianemia
3. Both I1 Iand I2
4. Neither I1 Inor I2
24. The Itime Irequired Ifor Ithe Iamount Iof Idrug Iin Ithe Ibody Ito Idecrease Iby I50% Iis Icalled:
1. Steady Istate
