Anatomy and Physiology Final, study Guide
Chapter 1
Anterior- Front
Lateral- to the
side
Superior- toward the
head Medial- toward the
midline Proximal- Closest
to the trunk
Superficial- Closest to the
surface Posterior- Back,
behind
-
Superficial A. Back, Behind
Medial B. Closest to the trunk
Proximal C. Closest to the surface
Posterior E. Toward the head
Anterior F. To the side
Lateral G. Front
Superior D. Toward the midline
,Chapter 5
Integumentary System- Separates the external and internal
environment. The Skin. 20 lbs
Skeletal System- Supports, Protects, moves the body, stores minerals.
Muscular System- Powers and directs the movement. Stabilizes and maintains
posture. Generate heat
Nervous System- Regulatory system of external environment.
Senses changes integrates info and sends signals to Effectors
Endocrine System- Regulates the internal environment by secreting
hormones that travel the bloodstream.
Cardiovascular System- transports nutrients, water, oxygen, hormones,
waste, and other materials
Female reproductive system- site of fertilization and early offspring
development Respiratory System- Exchange O2 and CO2 between internal
and external environment Digestive System- Breaks apart nutrients from the
external environment and absorbs them into the internal environment
Urinary System- Adjusts internal environment by excreting excess water, salt,
wastes, acids and other substances
Male Reproductive System- Insures the survival of species rather than the
individual. Include testes and sperm.
Skeletal A. Gives the movement, mineral storage, and support
Muscular B. Site of fertilization and offspring development
Integumentary C.Transport nutrients, O2, H2O, hormones and waste
Nervous D. Exchange o2 and CO2 between internal and external
Endocrine E. Adjust internal env. By excreting excess h2O & salt
Cardiovascular F. Breaks apart nutrients from external env.
Female Reproductive G. Senses changes and regulates
Digestive H.Separates the internal and external env.
Urinary I. Powers and directs movement. Generates heat
Male Reproductive J. Insures the survival of the species
Respiratory K. Regulates the internal and external env. by
secreting hormones that travel the bloodstream
Chapter 7
, Femur- thigh
bone Humerus-
Arm bone
Ulna-Bone on the little finger side of the forearm
Fibula- Long slender bone of lateral side of the leg- non weight
bearing Zygomatic bone- Cheekbone that helps form orbit
Mandible- Lower jaw bone articulates with temporal bone at condyloid
process, only bone of skull that moves freely.
Carpals- short bones at the upper end of wrist,
anatomical wrist Metatarsals- form part of the foot to
which the toes are attached Patella- Knee cap, large
sesamoid bone
Ribs- 12 pairs of ribs, attached posteriorly to a thoracic vertebrae
Phalanges- Toe bones, three in each of the smaller toes and two in the big
toes
Sternum- Breastbone, shaped like a dagger, bottom- xiphoid process
and top- manubrium
Stapes- Ear bone- means “stirrup” shape of bone.
Chapter 1
Anterior- Front
Lateral- to the
side
Superior- toward the
head Medial- toward the
midline Proximal- Closest
to the trunk
Superficial- Closest to the
surface Posterior- Back,
behind
-
Superficial A. Back, Behind
Medial B. Closest to the trunk
Proximal C. Closest to the surface
Posterior E. Toward the head
Anterior F. To the side
Lateral G. Front
Superior D. Toward the midline
,Chapter 5
Integumentary System- Separates the external and internal
environment. The Skin. 20 lbs
Skeletal System- Supports, Protects, moves the body, stores minerals.
Muscular System- Powers and directs the movement. Stabilizes and maintains
posture. Generate heat
Nervous System- Regulatory system of external environment.
Senses changes integrates info and sends signals to Effectors
Endocrine System- Regulates the internal environment by secreting
hormones that travel the bloodstream.
Cardiovascular System- transports nutrients, water, oxygen, hormones,
waste, and other materials
Female reproductive system- site of fertilization and early offspring
development Respiratory System- Exchange O2 and CO2 between internal
and external environment Digestive System- Breaks apart nutrients from the
external environment and absorbs them into the internal environment
Urinary System- Adjusts internal environment by excreting excess water, salt,
wastes, acids and other substances
Male Reproductive System- Insures the survival of species rather than the
individual. Include testes and sperm.
Skeletal A. Gives the movement, mineral storage, and support
Muscular B. Site of fertilization and offspring development
Integumentary C.Transport nutrients, O2, H2O, hormones and waste
Nervous D. Exchange o2 and CO2 between internal and external
Endocrine E. Adjust internal env. By excreting excess h2O & salt
Cardiovascular F. Breaks apart nutrients from external env.
Female Reproductive G. Senses changes and regulates
Digestive H.Separates the internal and external env.
Urinary I. Powers and directs movement. Generates heat
Male Reproductive J. Insures the survival of the species
Respiratory K. Regulates the internal and external env. by
secreting hormones that travel the bloodstream
Chapter 7
, Femur- thigh
bone Humerus-
Arm bone
Ulna-Bone on the little finger side of the forearm
Fibula- Long slender bone of lateral side of the leg- non weight
bearing Zygomatic bone- Cheekbone that helps form orbit
Mandible- Lower jaw bone articulates with temporal bone at condyloid
process, only bone of skull that moves freely.
Carpals- short bones at the upper end of wrist,
anatomical wrist Metatarsals- form part of the foot to
which the toes are attached Patella- Knee cap, large
sesamoid bone
Ribs- 12 pairs of ribs, attached posteriorly to a thoracic vertebrae
Phalanges- Toe bones, three in each of the smaller toes and two in the big
toes
Sternum- Breastbone, shaped like a dagger, bottom- xiphoid process
and top- manubrium
Stapes- Ear bone- means “stirrup” shape of bone.
