PEDS FINAL QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1:
2. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United
States?
a. Congenital anomalies
b. Sudden infant death syndrome
c. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
d. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period
ANS: A
Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year
compared with sudden infant death syndrome, which accounts for 8.2%; disorders
related to short gestation and unspecified low birth weight, which account for
16.5%; and maternal complications such as infections specific to the perinatal
period, which account for 6.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year of age.
3. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United
States?
a. Heart disease
b. Childhood cancer
c. Unintentional injuries
d. Congenital anomalies
ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year
through adolescence. The leading cause of death for those younger than 1 year is
congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease cause a significantly
lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.
4. In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages
15 to 19 years?
a. Suicide and cancer
b. Suicide and homicide
c. Drowning and cancer
d. Homicide and heart disease
ANS: B
Suicide and homicide account for 16.7% of deaths in this age group. Suicide and
cancer account for 10.9% of deaths, heart disease and cancer account for
approximately 5.5%, and homicide and heart disease account for 10.9% of the
deaths in this age group.
7. The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in
which age group is the third leading cause of death?
, a. Preschoolers
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Late school age and adolescents
ANS: D
Suicide is the third leading cause of death in children ages 10 to 19 years; therefore,
the age group should be late school age and adolescents. Suicide is not one of the
leading causes of death for preschool and young or middle school-aged children.
15. The nurse is aware that which age group is at risk for childhood injury because
of the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?
a. Preschool
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Adolescent
ANS: A
Preschool children have the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric
thinking, meaning they are unable to comprehend danger to self or others. Young
and middle school-aged children have transitional cognitive processes, and they
may attempt dangerous acts without detailed planning but recognize danger to
themselves or others. Adolescents have formal operational cognitive processes and
are preoccupied with abstract thinking.
8. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, What is meant by family-centered
care? The nurse should respond with which statement?
a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a childs life.
Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making
d. process.
ANS: C
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and
support. Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the childs
life. The family should be enabled and empowered to work with the health care
system and is expected to be part of the decision-making process. The nurse should
also support the familys cultural diversity, not reduce its effect.
13. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should
the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral
, medications.
Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is
d. not time for it to be effective.
ANS: C
The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the
child a choice of juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with
a sense of control. The preschool child should be prepared before procedures, so
limiting explanations of procedures would increase anxiety. The family should be
allowed to stay with the child during procedures, minimizing stress.
Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The nurse should
plan to use the prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize
pain.
CHAPTER 2
8. How is family systems theory best described?
a. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members.
b. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members.
c. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem.
d. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system.
ANS: D
Family systems theory describes an interactional model. Any change in one member
will create change in others. Although the family is the sum of the individual
members, family systems theory focuses on the number of dyad interactions that
can occur. The interactions, not the individual members, are considered to be the
problem.
9. Which family theory is described as a series of tasks for the family throughout its
life span?
a. Exchange theory
b. Developmental theory
c. Structural-functional theory
d. Symbolic interactional theory
ANS: B
In developmental systems theory, the family is described as a small group, a
semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system.
Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others. Exchange
theory assumes that humans, families, and groups seek rewarding statuses so that
rewards are maximized while costs are minimized. Structural-functional theory
states that the family performs at least one societal function while also meeting
family needs. Symbolic interactional theory describes the family as a unit of
interacting persons with each occupying a position within the family.
, 10. Which family theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests
factors that promote adaptation to these events?
a. Interactional theory
b. Family stress theory
c. Eriksons psychosocial theory
d. Developmental systems theory
ANS: B
Family stress theory explains the reaction of families to stressful events. In addition,
the theory helps suggest factors that promote adaptation to the stress. Stressors,
both positive and negative, are cumulative and affect the family. Adaptation
requires a change in family structure or interaction. Interactional theory is not a
family theory. Interactions are the basis of general systems theory. Eriksons theory
applies to individual growth and development, not families. Developmental systems
theory is an outgrowth of Duvalls theory. The family is described as a small group, a
semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system.
Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others.
24. The nurse is planning to counsel family members as a group to assess the
familys group dynamics. Which theoretic family model is the nurse using as a
framework?
a. Feminist theory
b. Family stress theory
c. Family systems theory
d. Developmental theory
ANS: C
In family systems theory, the family is viewed as a system that continually interacts
with its members and the environment. The emphasis is on the interaction between
the members; a change in one family member creates a change in other members,
which in turn results in a new change in the original member. Assessing the familys
group dynamics is an example of using this theory as a framework. Family stress
theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that
promote adaptation to stress. Developmental theory addresses family change over
time using Duvalls family life cycle stages based on the predictable changes in the
familys structure, function, and roles, with the age of the oldest child as the marker
for stage transition. Feminist theories assume that privilege and power are
inequitably distributed based upon gender, race, and class.
12. Which type of family should the nurse recognize when a mother, her children,
and a stepfather live together?
a. Traditional nuclear
b. Blended
c. Extended
d. Binuclear
ANS: B
CHAPTER 1:
2. Which is the leading cause of death in infants younger than 1 year in the United
States?
a. Congenital anomalies
b. Sudden infant death syndrome
c. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
d. Maternal complications specific to the perinatal period
ANS: A
Congenital anomalies account for 20.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year
compared with sudden infant death syndrome, which accounts for 8.2%; disorders
related to short gestation and unspecified low birth weight, which account for
16.5%; and maternal complications such as infections specific to the perinatal
period, which account for 6.1% of deaths in infants younger than 1 year of age.
3. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United
States?
a. Heart disease
b. Childhood cancer
c. Unintentional injuries
d. Congenital anomalies
ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year
through adolescence. The leading cause of death for those younger than 1 year is
congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease cause a significantly
lower percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.
4. In addition to injuries, what are the leading causes of death in adolescents ages
15 to 19 years?
a. Suicide and cancer
b. Suicide and homicide
c. Drowning and cancer
d. Homicide and heart disease
ANS: B
Suicide and homicide account for 16.7% of deaths in this age group. Suicide and
cancer account for 10.9% of deaths, heart disease and cancer account for
approximately 5.5%, and homicide and heart disease account for 10.9% of the
deaths in this age group.
7. The nurse should assess which age group for suicide ideation since suicide in
which age group is the third leading cause of death?
, a. Preschoolers
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Late school age and adolescents
ANS: D
Suicide is the third leading cause of death in children ages 10 to 19 years; therefore,
the age group should be late school age and adolescents. Suicide is not one of the
leading causes of death for preschool and young or middle school-aged children.
15. The nurse is aware that which age group is at risk for childhood injury because
of the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?
a. Preschool
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Adolescent
ANS: A
Preschool children have the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric
thinking, meaning they are unable to comprehend danger to self or others. Young
and middle school-aged children have transitional cognitive processes, and they
may attempt dangerous acts without detailed planning but recognize danger to
themselves or others. Adolescents have formal operational cognitive processes and
are preoccupied with abstract thinking.
8. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, What is meant by family-centered
care? The nurse should respond with which statement?
a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a childs life.
Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making
d. process.
ANS: C
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and
support. Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant in the childs
life. The family should be enabled and empowered to work with the health care
system and is expected to be part of the decision-making process. The nurse should
also support the familys cultural diversity, not reduce its effect.
13. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should
the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral
, medications.
Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is
d. not time for it to be effective.
ANS: C
The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the
child a choice of juice to drink when taking oral medications provides the child with
a sense of control. The preschool child should be prepared before procedures, so
limiting explanations of procedures would increase anxiety. The family should be
allowed to stay with the child during procedures, minimizing stress.
Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The nurse should
plan to use the prescribed cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize
pain.
CHAPTER 2
8. How is family systems theory best described?
a. The family is viewed as the sum of individual members.
b. A change in one family member cannot create a change in other members.
c. Individual family members are readily identified as the source of a problem.
d. When the family system is disrupted, change can occur at any point in the system.
ANS: D
Family systems theory describes an interactional model. Any change in one member
will create change in others. Although the family is the sum of the individual
members, family systems theory focuses on the number of dyad interactions that
can occur. The interactions, not the individual members, are considered to be the
problem.
9. Which family theory is described as a series of tasks for the family throughout its
life span?
a. Exchange theory
b. Developmental theory
c. Structural-functional theory
d. Symbolic interactional theory
ANS: B
In developmental systems theory, the family is described as a small group, a
semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system.
Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others. Exchange
theory assumes that humans, families, and groups seek rewarding statuses so that
rewards are maximized while costs are minimized. Structural-functional theory
states that the family performs at least one societal function while also meeting
family needs. Symbolic interactional theory describes the family as a unit of
interacting persons with each occupying a position within the family.
, 10. Which family theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests
factors that promote adaptation to these events?
a. Interactional theory
b. Family stress theory
c. Eriksons psychosocial theory
d. Developmental systems theory
ANS: B
Family stress theory explains the reaction of families to stressful events. In addition,
the theory helps suggest factors that promote adaptation to the stress. Stressors,
both positive and negative, are cumulative and affect the family. Adaptation
requires a change in family structure or interaction. Interactional theory is not a
family theory. Interactions are the basis of general systems theory. Eriksons theory
applies to individual growth and development, not families. Developmental systems
theory is an outgrowth of Duvalls theory. The family is described as a small group, a
semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural system.
Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others.
24. The nurse is planning to counsel family members as a group to assess the
familys group dynamics. Which theoretic family model is the nurse using as a
framework?
a. Feminist theory
b. Family stress theory
c. Family systems theory
d. Developmental theory
ANS: C
In family systems theory, the family is viewed as a system that continually interacts
with its members and the environment. The emphasis is on the interaction between
the members; a change in one family member creates a change in other members,
which in turn results in a new change in the original member. Assessing the familys
group dynamics is an example of using this theory as a framework. Family stress
theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that
promote adaptation to stress. Developmental theory addresses family change over
time using Duvalls family life cycle stages based on the predictable changes in the
familys structure, function, and roles, with the age of the oldest child as the marker
for stage transition. Feminist theories assume that privilege and power are
inequitably distributed based upon gender, race, and class.
12. Which type of family should the nurse recognize when a mother, her children,
and a stepfather live together?
a. Traditional nuclear
b. Blended
c. Extended
d. Binuclear
ANS: B
