, Essentials of
International Relations
EIG HTH EDITION
Karen A. Mingst
UNIVERSIT Y OF KENTUCKY
Heather Elko Mckibben
UNIVERSIT Y OF C ALIFORNIA , DAVIS
Ivan M. Arreguín-Toft
BOSTON UNIVERSIT Y
n
W. W. N O R TO N & C O M PA N Y
N E W YO R K • LO N D O N
,W. W. Norton & Company has been independent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder Norton
and Mary D. Herter Norton first published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult education
division of New York City’s Cooper Union. The firm soon expanded its program beyond the Institute,
publishing books by celebrated academics from America and abroad. By midcentury, the two major pillars
of Norton’s publishing program—trade books and college texts—were firmly established. In the 1950s, the
Norton family transferred control of the company to its employees, and today—with a staff of four hundred
and a comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year—W. W. Norton &
Company stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees.
Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2004, 2002, 1999 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
All rights reserved
Printed in Canada
Editor: Peter Lesser
Editorial Assistant: Anna Olcott
Project Editor: Taylere Peterson
Managing Editor, College: Marian Johnson
Managing Editor, College Digital Media: Kim Yi
Associate Director of Production, College: Benjamin Reynolds
Media Editor: Spencer Richardson-Jones
Media Project Editor: Marcus Van Harpen
Media Associate Editor: Michael Jaoui
Media Assistant Editor: Ariel Eaton
Marketing Manager, Political Science: Erin Brown
Design Director: Rubina Yeh
Book design by: Lissi Sigillo
Photo Editor: Travis Carr
Permissions Associate: Elizabeth Trammell
Permissions Manager: Megan Schindel
Composition: SixRedMarbles–Brattleboro, VT
Manufacturing: Transcontinental
Permission to use copyrighted material is included in the credits section of this book, which begins on
p. C-1.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Mingst, Karen A., 1947- author. | McKibben, Heather Elko, author. | Arreguín-Toft, Ivan M.,
author.
Title: Essentials of international relations / Karen A. Mingst, University of Kentucky, Heather Elko
McKibben, University of California, Davis, Ivan M. Arreguín-Toft, Boston University.
Description: Eighth Edition. | New York : W.W. Norton and Company, [2018] | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018034410 | ISBN 9780393643275 (paperback)
Subjects: LCSH: International relations.
Classification: LCC JZ1305 .M56 2018 | DDC 327—dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2018034410
ISBN: 978-0-393-64327-5 (pbk.)
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110
wwnorton.com
W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., 15 Carlisle Street, London W1D 3BS
1234567890
, BRIEF CONTENTS
1 Approaches to International Relations 3
2 The Historical Context of Contemporary
International Relations 19
3 International Relations Theories 67
4 Levels of Analysis 107
5 The State and the Tools of Statecraft 149
6 War and Security 187
7 International Cooperation and
International Law 233
8 International Political Economy 269
9 Intergovernmental Organizations and
Nongovernmental Organizations 319
10 Human Rights 365
11 Human Security: Migration, Global Health,
and the Environment 401
iii
International Relations
EIG HTH EDITION
Karen A. Mingst
UNIVERSIT Y OF KENTUCKY
Heather Elko Mckibben
UNIVERSIT Y OF C ALIFORNIA , DAVIS
Ivan M. Arreguín-Toft
BOSTON UNIVERSIT Y
n
W. W. N O R TO N & C O M PA N Y
N E W YO R K • LO N D O N
,W. W. Norton & Company has been independent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder Norton
and Mary D. Herter Norton first published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult education
division of New York City’s Cooper Union. The firm soon expanded its program beyond the Institute,
publishing books by celebrated academics from America and abroad. By midcentury, the two major pillars
of Norton’s publishing program—trade books and college texts—were firmly established. In the 1950s, the
Norton family transferred control of the company to its employees, and today—with a staff of four hundred
and a comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year—W. W. Norton &
Company stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees.
Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2004, 2002, 1999 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
All rights reserved
Printed in Canada
Editor: Peter Lesser
Editorial Assistant: Anna Olcott
Project Editor: Taylere Peterson
Managing Editor, College: Marian Johnson
Managing Editor, College Digital Media: Kim Yi
Associate Director of Production, College: Benjamin Reynolds
Media Editor: Spencer Richardson-Jones
Media Project Editor: Marcus Van Harpen
Media Associate Editor: Michael Jaoui
Media Assistant Editor: Ariel Eaton
Marketing Manager, Political Science: Erin Brown
Design Director: Rubina Yeh
Book design by: Lissi Sigillo
Photo Editor: Travis Carr
Permissions Associate: Elizabeth Trammell
Permissions Manager: Megan Schindel
Composition: SixRedMarbles–Brattleboro, VT
Manufacturing: Transcontinental
Permission to use copyrighted material is included in the credits section of this book, which begins on
p. C-1.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Mingst, Karen A., 1947- author. | McKibben, Heather Elko, author. | Arreguín-Toft, Ivan M.,
author.
Title: Essentials of international relations / Karen A. Mingst, University of Kentucky, Heather Elko
McKibben, University of California, Davis, Ivan M. Arreguín-Toft, Boston University.
Description: Eighth Edition. | New York : W.W. Norton and Company, [2018] | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018034410 | ISBN 9780393643275 (paperback)
Subjects: LCSH: International relations.
Classification: LCC JZ1305 .M56 2018 | DDC 327—dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2018034410
ISBN: 978-0-393-64327-5 (pbk.)
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110
wwnorton.com
W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., 15 Carlisle Street, London W1D 3BS
1234567890
, BRIEF CONTENTS
1 Approaches to International Relations 3
2 The Historical Context of Contemporary
International Relations 19
3 International Relations Theories 67
4 Levels of Analysis 107
5 The State and the Tools of Statecraft 149
6 War and Security 187
7 International Cooperation and
International Law 233
8 International Political Economy 269
9 Intergovernmental Organizations and
Nongovernmental Organizations 319
10 Human Rights 365
11 Human Security: Migration, Global Health,
and the Environment 401
iii
