Chapter 01: Evidence-Informed Nursing Practice
Perry et al.: Canadian Clinical Nursing Skills & Techniques, 1st Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Evidence-informed practice is a problem-solving approach to making decisions about patient care that
a. the latest information found in textbooks.
b. systematically conducted research studies.
c. tradition in clinical practice.
d. quality improvement and risk-management data.
ANS: B
The best evidence comes from well-designed, systematically conducted research studies described in s
a textbook often become outdated by the time it is published. Many health care settings do not have a p
new evidence in practice, and nurses in practice settings lack easy access to risk-management data, rely
convenience. Some sources of evidence do not originate from research. These include quality improvem
data, infection control data, retrospective or concurrent chart reviews, and clinicians’ expertise. Althou
evidence is often very valuable, it is important that you learn to rely more on research-based evidence.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Purpose
OBJ: Differentiate between evidence-based and evidence-informed practice.
TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
2. When evidence-informed practice is used, patient care will be
a. standardized for all.
b. unhampered by patient culture.
c. variable according to the situation.
d. safe from the hazards of critical thinking.
ANS: C
Using your clinical expertise and considering patients’ cultures, values, and preferences ensures that yo
evidence in practice ethically and appropriately. Even when you use the best evidence available, applic
differ; as a nurse, you will develop critical thinking skills to determine whether evidence is relevant an
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Purpose
OBJ: Differentiate between evidence-based and evidence-informed practice.
TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
3. When a PICO(TS) question is developed, the letter that corresponds with the usual standard of care is
a. P.
b. I.
c. C.
d. O.
ANS: C
C = Comparison of interest. What standard of care or current intervention do you usually use now in pr
P = Patient population of interest. Identify your patient by age, gender, ethnicity, disease, or health pro
I = Intervention of interest. What intervention (e.g., treatment, diagnostic test, and prognostic factor) do
use in practice?
O = Outcome. What result (e.g., change in patient’s behaviour, physical finding, and change in patient’
achieve or observe as the result of an intervention?
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: Ask a Clinical Question
OBJ: Explain the components of a PICO(TS) question. TOP: PICO
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
, 5. The nurse is not sure that the procedure the patient requires is the best possible for the situation. Using
resources would be the quickest way to review research on the topic?
a. CINAHL
b. PubMed
c. MEDLINE
d. The Cochrane Database
ANS: D
The Cochrane Community Database of Systematic Reviews is a valuable source of synthesized eviden
evidence). The Cochrane Database includes the full text of regularly updated systematic reviews and p
currently happening. MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed are among the most comprehensive database
knowledge base of health care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis REF: Search for the Best Evidence
OBJ: Discuss the process for critiquing evidence in the literature.
TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
6. The nurse is getting ready to develop a plan of care for a patient who has a specific need. The best sour
of care would probably be
a. The Cochrane Database.
b. MEDLINE.
c. NGC.
d. CINAHL.
ANS: C
The National Guidelines Clearinghouse (NGC) is a database supported by the Agency for Healthcare R
(AHRQ). It contains clinical guidelines—systematically developed statements about a plan of care for
circumstances involving a specific patient population. The NGC is a valuable source when you want to
patient. The Cochrane Community Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, and CINAHL are all
synthesized evidence (i.e., preappraised evidence).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis REF: Search for the Best Evidence
OBJ: Discuss the process for critiquing evidence in the literature.
TOP: Evidence-Informed Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
7. The nurse has done a literature search and found 25 possible articles on the topic that he or she is study
those 25 best fit his or her inquiry, the nurse first should look at
a. the abstracts.
b. the literature reviews.
c. the “Methods” sections.
d. the narrative sections.
ANS: A
An abstract is a brief summary of an article that quickly tells you whether the article is research based o
abstract summarizes the purpose of the study or clinical query, the major themes or findings, and the im
practice. The literature review usually gives you a good idea of how past research led to the researcher
or “Design” section explains how a research study is organized and conducted to answer the research q
hypothesis. The narrative of a manuscript differs according to the type of evidence-informed article—c
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Critique the Evidence
OBJ: Discuss the process for critiquing evidence in the literature.
TOP: Randomized Controlled Trials KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
8. The nurse wants to determine the effects of cardiac rehabilitation program attendance on the level of de
have had a myocardial infarction. The type of study that would best capture this information would be
a. randomized controlled trial.
b. qualitative study.
Perry et al.: Canadian Clinical Nursing Skills & Techniques, 1st Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Evidence-informed practice is a problem-solving approach to making decisions about patient care that
a. the latest information found in textbooks.
b. systematically conducted research studies.
c. tradition in clinical practice.
d. quality improvement and risk-management data.
ANS: B
The best evidence comes from well-designed, systematically conducted research studies described in s
a textbook often become outdated by the time it is published. Many health care settings do not have a p
new evidence in practice, and nurses in practice settings lack easy access to risk-management data, rely
convenience. Some sources of evidence do not originate from research. These include quality improvem
data, infection control data, retrospective or concurrent chart reviews, and clinicians’ expertise. Althou
evidence is often very valuable, it is important that you learn to rely more on research-based evidence.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Purpose
OBJ: Differentiate between evidence-based and evidence-informed practice.
TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
2. When evidence-informed practice is used, patient care will be
a. standardized for all.
b. unhampered by patient culture.
c. variable according to the situation.
d. safe from the hazards of critical thinking.
ANS: C
Using your clinical expertise and considering patients’ cultures, values, and preferences ensures that yo
evidence in practice ethically and appropriately. Even when you use the best evidence available, applic
differ; as a nurse, you will develop critical thinking skills to determine whether evidence is relevant an
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Purpose
OBJ: Differentiate between evidence-based and evidence-informed practice.
TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
3. When a PICO(TS) question is developed, the letter that corresponds with the usual standard of care is
a. P.
b. I.
c. C.
d. O.
ANS: C
C = Comparison of interest. What standard of care or current intervention do you usually use now in pr
P = Patient population of interest. Identify your patient by age, gender, ethnicity, disease, or health pro
I = Intervention of interest. What intervention (e.g., treatment, diagnostic test, and prognostic factor) do
use in practice?
O = Outcome. What result (e.g., change in patient’s behaviour, physical finding, and change in patient’
achieve or observe as the result of an intervention?
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: Ask a Clinical Question
OBJ: Explain the components of a PICO(TS) question. TOP: PICO
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
, 5. The nurse is not sure that the procedure the patient requires is the best possible for the situation. Using
resources would be the quickest way to review research on the topic?
a. CINAHL
b. PubMed
c. MEDLINE
d. The Cochrane Database
ANS: D
The Cochrane Community Database of Systematic Reviews is a valuable source of synthesized eviden
evidence). The Cochrane Database includes the full text of regularly updated systematic reviews and p
currently happening. MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PubMed are among the most comprehensive database
knowledge base of health care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis REF: Search for the Best Evidence
OBJ: Discuss the process for critiquing evidence in the literature.
TOP: Evidence-Based Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
6. The nurse is getting ready to develop a plan of care for a patient who has a specific need. The best sour
of care would probably be
a. The Cochrane Database.
b. MEDLINE.
c. NGC.
d. CINAHL.
ANS: C
The National Guidelines Clearinghouse (NGC) is a database supported by the Agency for Healthcare R
(AHRQ). It contains clinical guidelines—systematically developed statements about a plan of care for
circumstances involving a specific patient population. The NGC is a valuable source when you want to
patient. The Cochrane Community Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, and CINAHL are all
synthesized evidence (i.e., preappraised evidence).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis REF: Search for the Best Evidence
OBJ: Discuss the process for critiquing evidence in the literature.
TOP: Evidence-Informed Practice KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
7. The nurse has done a literature search and found 25 possible articles on the topic that he or she is study
those 25 best fit his or her inquiry, the nurse first should look at
a. the abstracts.
b. the literature reviews.
c. the “Methods” sections.
d. the narrative sections.
ANS: A
An abstract is a brief summary of an article that quickly tells you whether the article is research based o
abstract summarizes the purpose of the study or clinical query, the major themes or findings, and the im
practice. The literature review usually gives you a good idea of how past research led to the researcher
or “Design” section explains how a research study is organized and conducted to answer the research q
hypothesis. The narrative of a manuscript differs according to the type of evidence-informed article—c
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Critique the Evidence
OBJ: Discuss the process for critiquing evidence in the literature.
TOP: Randomized Controlled Trials KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment (management of care)
8. The nurse wants to determine the effects of cardiac rehabilitation program attendance on the level of de
have had a myocardial infarction. The type of study that would best capture this information would be
a. randomized controlled trial.
b. qualitative study.
