1
Evidence-Based Imaging - Optimizing Imaging in Patient
Care
Contents
Foreword by Bruce J. Hillman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
1 Principles of Evidence-Based Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
L. Santiago Medina and C. Craig Blackmore
2 Critically Assessing the Literature: Understanding
Error and Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
C. Craig Blackmore, L. Santiago Medina, James G. Ravenel,
and Gerard A. Silvestri
3 Breast Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Laurie L. Fajardo, Wendie A. Berg, and Robert A. Smith
4 Imaging of Lung Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
James G. Ravenel and Gerard A. Silvestri
5 Imaging-Based Screening for Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
James M.A. Slattery, Lucy E. Modahl, and Michael E. Zalis
6 Imaging of Brain Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Soonmee Cha
7 Imaging in the Evaluation of Patients with
Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Jeffrey H. Newhouse
8 Neuroimaging in Alzheimer Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Kejal Kantarci and Clifford R. Jack, Jr.
,9 Neuroimaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Katie D. Vo, Weili Lin, and Jin-Moo Lee
xi
,xii Contents 3
10 Adults and Children with Headache: Evidence-Based
Role of Neuroimaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
L. Santiago Medina, Amisha Shah, and Elza Vasconcellos
11 Neuroimaging of Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Byron Bernal and Nolan Altman
12 Imaging Evaluation of Sinusitis: Impact on
Health Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Yoshimi Anzai and William E. Neighbor, Jr.
13 Neuroimaging for Traumatic Brain Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Karen A. Tong, Udo Oyoyo, Barbara A. Holshouser, and
Stephen Ashwal
14 Imaging of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis and
Septic Arthritis in Children and Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
John Y. Kim and Diego Jaramillo
15 Imaging for Knee and Shoulder Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
William Hollingworth, Adrian K. Dixon, and John R. Jenner
16 Imaging of Adults with Low Back Pain in the Primary
Care Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Marla B.K. Sammer and Jeffrey G. Jarvik
17 Imaging of the Spine in Victims of Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
C. Craig Blackmore and Gregory David Avey
18 Imaging of Spine Disorders in Children: Dysraphism
and Scoliosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
L. Santiago Medina, Diego Jaramillo,
Esperanza Pacheco-Jacome, Martha C. Ballesteros,
and Brian E. Grottkau
19 Cardiac Evaluation: The Current Status of
Outcomes-Based Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Andrew J. Bierhals and Pamela K. Woodard
20 Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Max P. Rosen
21 Imaging of the Cervical Carotid Artery for
Atherosclerotic Stenosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Alex M. Barrocas and Colin P. Derdeyn
22 Imaging in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Embolism . . . . . . . . 400
Krishna Juluru and John Eng
, Contents xiii
23 Imaging of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Anil Kumar Attili and Ella A. Kazerooni
24 Blunt Injuries to the Thorax and Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Frederick A. Mann
25 Imaging in Acute Abdominal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
C. Craig Blackmore, Tina A. Chang, and
Gregory David Avey
26 Intussusception in Children: Diagnostic Imaging
and Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Kimberly E. Applegate
27 Imaging of Biliary Disorders: Cholecystitis, Bile Duct
Obstruction, Stones, and Stricture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Jose C. Varghese, Brian C. Lucey, and Jorge A. Soto
28 Hepatic Disorders: Colorectal Cancer Metastases,
Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Brian C. Lucey, Jose C. Varghese, and Jorge A. Soto
29 Imaging of Nephrolithiasis, Urinary Tract Infections,
and Their Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
Julia R. Fielding and Raj S. Pruthi
30 Current Issues in Gynecology: Screening for Ovarian
Cancer in the Average Risk Population and Diagnostic
Evaluation of Postmenopausal Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Ruth C. Carlos
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Evidence-Based Imaging - Optimizing Imaging in Patient
Care
Contents
Foreword by Bruce J. Hillman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
1 Principles of Evidence-Based Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
L. Santiago Medina and C. Craig Blackmore
2 Critically Assessing the Literature: Understanding
Error and Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
C. Craig Blackmore, L. Santiago Medina, James G. Ravenel,
and Gerard A. Silvestri
3 Breast Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Laurie L. Fajardo, Wendie A. Berg, and Robert A. Smith
4 Imaging of Lung Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
James G. Ravenel and Gerard A. Silvestri
5 Imaging-Based Screening for Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
James M.A. Slattery, Lucy E. Modahl, and Michael E. Zalis
6 Imaging of Brain Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Soonmee Cha
7 Imaging in the Evaluation of Patients with
Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Jeffrey H. Newhouse
8 Neuroimaging in Alzheimer Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Kejal Kantarci and Clifford R. Jack, Jr.
,9 Neuroimaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Katie D. Vo, Weili Lin, and Jin-Moo Lee
xi
,xii Contents 3
10 Adults and Children with Headache: Evidence-Based
Role of Neuroimaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
L. Santiago Medina, Amisha Shah, and Elza Vasconcellos
11 Neuroimaging of Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Byron Bernal and Nolan Altman
12 Imaging Evaluation of Sinusitis: Impact on
Health Outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Yoshimi Anzai and William E. Neighbor, Jr.
13 Neuroimaging for Traumatic Brain Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Karen A. Tong, Udo Oyoyo, Barbara A. Holshouser, and
Stephen Ashwal
14 Imaging of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis and
Septic Arthritis in Children and Adults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
John Y. Kim and Diego Jaramillo
15 Imaging for Knee and Shoulder Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
William Hollingworth, Adrian K. Dixon, and John R. Jenner
16 Imaging of Adults with Low Back Pain in the Primary
Care Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Marla B.K. Sammer and Jeffrey G. Jarvik
17 Imaging of the Spine in Victims of Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
C. Craig Blackmore and Gregory David Avey
18 Imaging of Spine Disorders in Children: Dysraphism
and Scoliosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
L. Santiago Medina, Diego Jaramillo,
Esperanza Pacheco-Jacome, Martha C. Ballesteros,
and Brian E. Grottkau
19 Cardiac Evaluation: The Current Status of
Outcomes-Based Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Andrew J. Bierhals and Pamela K. Woodard
20 Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Max P. Rosen
21 Imaging of the Cervical Carotid Artery for
Atherosclerotic Stenosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Alex M. Barrocas and Colin P. Derdeyn
22 Imaging in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Embolism . . . . . . . . 400
Krishna Juluru and John Eng
, Contents xiii
23 Imaging of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Anil Kumar Attili and Ella A. Kazerooni
24 Blunt Injuries to the Thorax and Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Frederick A. Mann
25 Imaging in Acute Abdominal Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
C. Craig Blackmore, Tina A. Chang, and
Gregory David Avey
26 Intussusception in Children: Diagnostic Imaging
and Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Kimberly E. Applegate
27 Imaging of Biliary Disorders: Cholecystitis, Bile Duct
Obstruction, Stones, and Stricture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Jose C. Varghese, Brian C. Lucey, and Jorge A. Soto
28 Hepatic Disorders: Colorectal Cancer Metastases,
Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Brian C. Lucey, Jose C. Varghese, and Jorge A. Soto
29 Imaging of Nephrolithiasis, Urinary Tract Infections,
and Their Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
Julia R. Fielding and Raj S. Pruthi
30 Current Issues in Gynecology: Screening for Ovarian
Cancer in the Average Risk Population and Diagnostic
Evaluation of Postmenopausal Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Ruth C. Carlos
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
