Rasmussen College :NUR MISC MDC4 exam 1 review 1_LATEST 2021/2022,100% CORRECT

Rasmussen College :NUR MISC MDC4 exam 1 review
1_LATEST 2021/2022,100% CORRECT
•
What is the most common type of dementia?
- Alzheimer's disease
•
Is Alzheimer's reversible?
- No
•
What is the etiology of Alzheimer's?
- Unknown
•
Alzheimer's is the result of?
- changes in personality, memory, and/or judgement
•
What are risk factors for Alzheimer's?
- 65+ years
* female
* head injury
* APOE gene
•
what is the patho of Alzheimer's
- plaques, tangles, degeneration of neurons
•
How is Alzheimer's diagnosed?
- biopsy at autopsy is the only definitive way but dementia can
be ruled out with CT, labs, UA, and MRI
•
Early s/s of Alzheimer's Disease
- decreased short term memory
- decreased sense of smell
- misplaced items
•
Middle s/s of Alzheimer's Disease
- wander
- agitated
- incontinent
- money issues
•
late s/s of Alzheimer's disease
- bed ridden
- agnosia (inability to recognize objects, people, or sounds)
•
Medications used for Alzheimer's
- Cholinesterase inhibitors
- slow breakdown of Ach
- Donepezil and Rivastigimine
- NMDA receptor antagonists
- block excess amounts of glutamate
- Memantine
•
What are headaches?
- vasodilation of blood vessels in the brain
•
What causes headaches
- genetics, stress, hormones
•
What can trigger a headache?
- coffee, yogurt, alcohol, MSG, marinated foods
Rasmussen College :NUR MISC MDC4 exam 1 review
1_LATEST 2021/2022,100% CORRECT

, Rasmussen College :NUR MISC MDC4 exam 1 review
1_LATEST 2021/2022,100% CORRECT

•
s/s of headache
- head pain for 4-72 hours, N/V, unilateral pain, may come with
aura
•
what are cluster headaches?
- happen at night, stuffy nose
•
treatment of headache
- Prophylactic = propranolol
▪
Mild = NSAID
▪
Severe = sumatriptan
- ergotamine tartrate
- 6 tabs in 1 day
- take as soon as pain starts
- MOA = constricts cerebral blood vessels
•
What is increased ICP made of?
- CSF, blood, brain

•
Nursing care for Alzheimer's
- safe environment (#1) good lighting, no clutter
- stick with a routine
- offer walks, exercise
- reduce distractions
- avoid use of restraints
•
What is Parkinson's Disease
- Movement disorder caused by the death of cells that generate
dopamine in the basal ganglia and substantial nigra.




Rasmussen College :NUR MISC MDC4 exam 1 review
1_LATEST 2021/2022,100% CORRECT

, Rasmussen College :NUR MISC MDC4 exam 1 review
1_LATEST 2021/2022,100% CORRECT

Low levels of dopamine and high levels of Ach
•
How does Parkinson's progress?
- slowly, but will eventually lead to disability
•
How is parkinson's diagnosed
- history and s/s
•
s/s of parkinsons
- tremors
- muscle rigidity
- mak like facial expression
- bradykinesia
- shuffling gait
- cogwheel rigidity in limbs
- propulsive gait (head and neck forward, back is slouched)
•
nursing care for parkinson's
- safe environment
- sit up when eating, thick liquids
- encourage ROM and exercise
•
Medication for Parkinson's
- Sinemet
- Levodopa (increases dopamine levels in CNS) and Carbidopa
(prevents levodpa breakdown)
- take at same time every day
- know that increased protein can alter effectiveness
- Benztropine
- decreases Ach levels




Rasmussen College :NUR MISC MDC4 exam 1 review
1_LATEST 2021/2022,100% CORRECT