ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Brucella (B. Infected animals Skin or mucous membrane High and protracted (extended) fever. 1-15 weeks Most commonly Antibiotic
melitensis, B. (swine, cattle, goats, contact with infected Infection affects bone, heart, reported U.S. combination:
abortus, B. suis, B. sheep, dogs) animals, their blood, tissue, gallbladder, kidney, spleen, and laboratory-associated streptomycin
Brucellosis* Bacteria canis ) and other body fluids causes highly disseminated lesions bacterial infection in tetracycline, a
and abscess man sulfonamides
Salmonella (S. Domestic (dogs, cats, Direct contact as well as Mild gastroenteritiis (diarrhea) to high 6 hours to 3 Fatality rate of 5-10% Antibiotic
cholera-suis, S. monkeys, rodents, indirect consumption fever, severe headache, and spleen days combination:
enteriditis, S. labor-atory rodents, (eggs, food vehicles using enlargement. May lead to focal chloramphen
typhymurium, S. rep-tiles [especially eggs, etc.). Human to infection in any organ or tissue of the neomycin, am
typhi) turtles], chickens and human transmission also body)
Salmonellosis Bacteria
fish) and herd animals possible
(cattle, chickens, pigs)
All Shigella species Captive non-human Oral-fecal route Ranges from asymptomatic carrier to Varies by Highly infective. Low Intravenous f
primates severe bacillary dysentery with high species. 16 number of organisms and electrolyt
fevers, weakness, severe abdominal hours to 7 capable of causing Antibiotics: a
cramps, prostration, edema of the days. infec-tion. Rate of amoxicillin,
face and neck, and diarrhea with infection in im-ported trimethoprin-
Shigellosis* Bacteria
blood, mucous and inflammatory monkeys can be high sulfamethoxa
cells
Leptospira Animal, human urine Direct contact with urine of Phase 1: headache, muscle ache, 7-12 Days Leptospirosis Doxycycline a
interrogans infected dogs, mice or rats. eye pain with bright lights, chills and associated with liver penicillin. Sev
Indirect contact with urine fever. Phase 2: fever with stiffness of and kidney disease is patients may
contaminated materials. the neck and inflammation of the called Weil's fluids, antibio
Leptospirosis Bacteria Droplet transmission via nerves to the eyes, brain, spinal syndrome, dialysis
aerosols of urine column characterized by
jaundice
, ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Borreliae spp. [B. Animals Tick-borne, blood Fever, headache and muscle pain 5-15 days Epidemic relapsing Tetracyclines
recurrentis (louse- transfusions that lasts 4-10 days and subsides. fever (transmitted by chlorampheni
borne), B. hemsii Afebrile period lasting 5-6 days lice) is more severe
(tick-borne)] followed by a recurrence of acute than endemic
Relapsing fever Bacteria symptoms relapsing fever
(transmitted by ticks)
Mycobacterium Primarily humans, Inhalation of aerosol Ranges from fever and fatigue to 2-5 weeks Multidrug-resistant TB Isoniazid, rifam
tuberculosis cattle, non-human droplets, contaminated chronic pulmonary disease (fatal). (MDR TB) is an streptomycin
primates, other equipment, bites Lungs, kidney, vasculature (affects all infection resistant to at ethambutol
Tuberculosis Bacteria animals (rodents) parts of body) least two first-line anti-
TB drugs, isoniazid
and rifampicin
Burkholderia Equines, especially Transmitted by inhaling Cholera-like symptoms (fever, chills, 2-4 days Relatively uncommon Chloramphen
pseudomallei horses and mules; dust contaminated by the prostration). Skin lesions, swollen disease for humans, doxycycline,
( formerly humans are accidental bacteria and when lymph glands, abscesses septicemia but when left sulfisoxazole
Melioidosis* Bacteria Pseudomonas hosts contaminated soil comes in or pneumonia untreated, has 95% cotrimoxazol
pseudomallei ) contact with abraded skin fatality rate chlorampheni
bacteremia
Francisella Isolated from 100 Arthropods, direct or High fever, chills, headache, focal 1-10 days Bacterium formerly Streptomycin,
tularensis species of wild indirect contact, ingestion ulcers, swollen lymph nodes known as Pasteurella tetracycline
animals (e.g., rabbits, of contaminated meats, tularensis
skunk), 9 domestic inhalation of dust, materials
mammals, 25 species contaminated with urine,
Tularemia* Bacteria of birds, frogs, and feces or tissues, bites and
reptiles scratches
Brucella (B. Infected animals Skin or mucous membrane High and protracted (extended) fever. 1-15 weeks Most commonly Antibiotic
melitensis, B. (swine, cattle, goats, contact with infected Infection affects bone, heart, reported U.S. combination:
abortus, B. suis, B. sheep, dogs) animals, their blood, tissue, gallbladder, kidney, spleen, and laboratory-associated streptomycin
Brucellosis* Bacteria canis ) and other body fluids causes highly disseminated lesions bacterial infection in tetracycline, a
and abscess man sulfonamides
Salmonella (S. Domestic (dogs, cats, Direct contact as well as Mild gastroenteritiis (diarrhea) to high 6 hours to 3 Fatality rate of 5-10% Antibiotic
cholera-suis, S. monkeys, rodents, indirect consumption fever, severe headache, and spleen days combination:
enteriditis, S. labor-atory rodents, (eggs, food vehicles using enlargement. May lead to focal chloramphen
typhymurium, S. rep-tiles [especially eggs, etc.). Human to infection in any organ or tissue of the neomycin, am
typhi) turtles], chickens and human transmission also body)
Salmonellosis Bacteria
fish) and herd animals possible
(cattle, chickens, pigs)
All Shigella species Captive non-human Oral-fecal route Ranges from asymptomatic carrier to Varies by Highly infective. Low Intravenous f
primates severe bacillary dysentery with high species. 16 number of organisms and electrolyt
fevers, weakness, severe abdominal hours to 7 capable of causing Antibiotics: a
cramps, prostration, edema of the days. infec-tion. Rate of amoxicillin,
face and neck, and diarrhea with infection in im-ported trimethoprin-
Shigellosis* Bacteria
blood, mucous and inflammatory monkeys can be high sulfamethoxa
cells
Leptospira Animal, human urine Direct contact with urine of Phase 1: headache, muscle ache, 7-12 Days Leptospirosis Doxycycline a
interrogans infected dogs, mice or rats. eye pain with bright lights, chills and associated with liver penicillin. Sev
Indirect contact with urine fever. Phase 2: fever with stiffness of and kidney disease is patients may
contaminated materials. the neck and inflammation of the called Weil's fluids, antibio
Leptospirosis Bacteria Droplet transmission via nerves to the eyes, brain, spinal syndrome, dialysis
aerosols of urine column characterized by
jaundice
, ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Borreliae spp. [B. Animals Tick-borne, blood Fever, headache and muscle pain 5-15 days Epidemic relapsing Tetracyclines
recurrentis (louse- transfusions that lasts 4-10 days and subsides. fever (transmitted by chlorampheni
borne), B. hemsii Afebrile period lasting 5-6 days lice) is more severe
(tick-borne)] followed by a recurrence of acute than endemic
Relapsing fever Bacteria symptoms relapsing fever
(transmitted by ticks)
Mycobacterium Primarily humans, Inhalation of aerosol Ranges from fever and fatigue to 2-5 weeks Multidrug-resistant TB Isoniazid, rifam
tuberculosis cattle, non-human droplets, contaminated chronic pulmonary disease (fatal). (MDR TB) is an streptomycin
primates, other equipment, bites Lungs, kidney, vasculature (affects all infection resistant to at ethambutol
Tuberculosis Bacteria animals (rodents) parts of body) least two first-line anti-
TB drugs, isoniazid
and rifampicin
Burkholderia Equines, especially Transmitted by inhaling Cholera-like symptoms (fever, chills, 2-4 days Relatively uncommon Chloramphen
pseudomallei horses and mules; dust contaminated by the prostration). Skin lesions, swollen disease for humans, doxycycline,
( formerly humans are accidental bacteria and when lymph glands, abscesses septicemia but when left sulfisoxazole
Melioidosis* Bacteria Pseudomonas hosts contaminated soil comes in or pneumonia untreated, has 95% cotrimoxazol
pseudomallei ) contact with abraded skin fatality rate chlorampheni
bacteremia
Francisella Isolated from 100 Arthropods, direct or High fever, chills, headache, focal 1-10 days Bacterium formerly Streptomycin,
tularensis species of wild indirect contact, ingestion ulcers, swollen lymph nodes known as Pasteurella tetracycline
animals (e.g., rabbits, of contaminated meats, tularensis
skunk), 9 domestic inhalation of dust, materials
mammals, 25 species contaminated with urine,
Tularemia* Bacteria of birds, frogs, and feces or tissues, bites and
reptiles scratches
