Purdue University HEALTH SCI HS200 Unit 4 FINAL Quiz (100% scored)

Unit 4 FINAL Quiz (HS200) tion 1 2 / 2 points ____ are one or more molecules of DNA or RNA that invade normal living cells and multiply, causing disease. Question options: 1) Viruses 2) Bacteria 3) Fungi 4) Protozoa stion 2 / 2 point Microbes belonging to the bacteria group are made up of only one cell. Scientists have discovered fossilized remains of bacteria that date back more than ______ years. Question options: 1) 3.5 million 2) 3.0 million 3) 3.5 billion 4) 10.0 billion stion 2 / 2 point Bacteria, called Psychrophiles, can live in temperatures: Question options: 1) as cold as those found in the Arctic and Antarctic. 2) as high as in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. 3) As high as 235°F near volcanic vents on the ocean floor. 4) As mild as in a human 2 / 2 point Viruses are responsible for causing numerous diseases, including: Question options: 1) Ebola hemorrhagic fever 2) Gonorrhea 3) Tuberculosis 4) Botulism stion 2 / 2 point Nurses who are using standard precautions appropriately assume that all patients may be infected with an organism that could be spread in the healthcare setting. Standard precautions involve recognizing that patients and the healthcare environment may be reservoirs of infectious organisms. Essential elements of standard precautions include all of the following except: Question options: 1) hand hygiene 2) risk assessment with appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) 3) injection and medication safety 4) use of natural products stion 2 / 2 point Protozoa: Question options: 1) are a group of microscopic one celled animals.2) do not cause disease in humans. 3) cause tuberculosis. 4) cannot live in water. stion 2 / 2 point Examples of some newly emerging microbes are: Question options: 1) Tuberculosis 2) HIV/AIDS 3) MRSA bacteria 4) Malaria stion 2 / 2 point After wild poliovirus (WPV) type 2 was declared eradicated in 2015, the world switched from trivalent to bivalent OPV (bOPV). Bivalent bOPV: Question options: 1) only contains poliovirus type 1 and 3 2) only contains poliovirus type 2 and 3 3) protects against all types of poliovirus 4) protects against WPV2. stion 2 / 2 point Viruses, ___ and _______ caused two major pandemics in modern times. Question options: 1) Clostridium tetani and Mycobacterium tuberculosis2) HPV and Hepatitis B 3) Influenza and HIV 4) CMV and varicella-zoster stion 2 / 2 point All of the following diseases are caused by viruses except: Question options: 1) Meningitis 2) Genital herpes 3) Shingles 4) Tuberculosis stion 2 / 2 point The risks of ceasing vaccination are obvious. If poliovirus is reintroduced into a susceptible population, a catastrophic epidemic of paralytic disease, disability, and death could ensue. Poliovirus could reemerge through all of the following ways except: Question options: 1) reintroduction of poliovirus from a laboratory. 2) prolonged replication in immunodeficient patient. 3) persistent transmission of vaccine-derived virus in populations. 4) from newborn babies who were not yet vaccinated with the polio vaccine. stion 2 / 2 pointThe body’s defense mechanisms against pathogens include all of the following except : Question options: 1) the inflammatory response 2) coughing and sneezing 3) B and T cells 4) intracellular parasites, which cannot reproduce outside the infected cell stion 2 / 2 point Diarrhea can be caused by all of the following microbes except: Question options: 1) Cryptosporidia 2) Giardia 3) Salmonella 4) MRSA stion 2 / 2 point Tuberculosis: Question options: 1) is an uncommon disease. 2) is an important reemerging disease. 3) is a disease of the past. 4) never reemerged as a public health threat in the United States. stion 2 / 2 pointAIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) was first recognized in the United States in the: Question options: 1) 1980s 2) 1960s 3) 1940s 4) 1970s stion 2 / 2 point HIV can be transmitted by: Question options: 1) Shaking hands, hugging, or sharing toilets 2) Sharing a bed 3) Sharing a cigarette with an infected person 4) Contact with certain bodily fluids of a person with HIV, most commonly during unprotected sex stion 2 / 2 point HIV is a type of virus called a retrovirus, and the combination of drugs used to treat is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART: Question options: 1) Is usually taken as a combination of 3 or more drugs to have the greatest chance of lowering the amount of HIV in 2) Therapy can cure AIDS patients. 3) Therapy can keep the patient healthy only for a few years. 4) Is taken as a single drug only. stion 2 / 2 pointCDC recommends that people with a higher risk of getting HIV should get tested: Question options: 1) At least once in 5 years. 2) At least once a month. 3) At least once in every 2 years. 4) At least once a year. stion 2 / 2 point What are some of the most common opportunistic infections (OIs) for people living in the United States? Question options: 1) Candidiasis, cryptococcosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2) E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium tetani 3) HIV and Rotavirus 4) Lactobacillus and shingles stion 2 / 2 point In 2001, the number of TB cases reported to CDC represented only a 2% decline from 2000, which is the smallest decline in 9 years. This is of concern because: Question options: 1) the healthcare industry will have less profit from selling TB drugs. 2) the proportion of cases in persons born in other countries will probably continue to rise unless tuberculosis service immigrants are strengthened. 3) spread of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis has increased. 4) there might have been errors in data processing. stion 2 / 2point In the article “Musculoskeletal Conditions and Minority Ethnic Groups,” the key issues relevant to musculoskeletal healthcare in minority populations are all of the following except: Question options: 1) Rheumatoid arthritis 2) Systemic lupus erythematosus 3) Low serum level of Vitamin D 4) Sickle cell anemia stion 2 / 2 point In the article “Musculoskeletal Conditions and Minority Ethnic Groups,” which of the following is not a component of the poor acceptance of westernized healthcare by minority groups? Question options: 1) perception of disease 2) communication 3) reliance on alternative therapies 4) economic insecurity stion 2 / 2 point In the article “Cultural Insights, Communicating with Hispanics/Latinos,” getting diseases is a bigger concern than dying. Issues include all of the following except: Question options: 1) exposures to pesticides 2) lifestyle and behaviors3) polluted water 4) a decreased need for existing health services stion 2 / 2 point In the article “Cultural Insights, Communicating with Hispanics/Latinos,” Hispanics come from a collectivistic culture where: Question options: 1) individual function is emphasized 2) harmony and cooperation in the group are emphasized 3) individual responsibility is emphasized 4) there is emphasis on matriarchal structure stion 2 / 2 point Acute infections are usually severe and last a short time. They can make you feel very uncomfortable, with signs and symptoms such as tiredness, achiness, coughing, and sneezing. One such infection is: Question options: 1) Rhinovirus (Common cold) 2) Hepatitis C (Liver disease) 3) Herpes zoster (Shingles) 4) Herpes simplex virus (Genital herpes) stion 2 / 2 point Latent infections are “hidden” or “silent” and may or may not cause symptoms again after the first acute episode. Some infectious microbes, usually viruses, can “wake up”—become active again but not always causing symptoms—off and on for months or years. One such infection is: Question options: 1) Herpes simplex virus (Genital herpes) 2) Hepatitis C (Liver disease) 3) Rhinovirus (Common cold) 4) Measles virus (Measles) stion 2 / 2 point Hand washing is one of the simplest, easiest, and most effective ways to prevent getting or passing on many germs. Which of the following is NOT a reason for washing your hands? Question options: 1) Before preparing or eating food 2) After coughing or sneezing 3) After using the bathroom 4) Before holding a handle in a bus stion 2 / 2 point _______ can never be caused by bacteria. Question options: 1) Flu 2) Tuberculosis 3) Pneumonia 4) Strep throat stion 2 / 2point Viruses: Question options: 1) can proliferate by themselves 2) can proliferate only in host cells 3) are made up of proteins only 4) are never made up of RNA stion 2 / 2 point There are countless numbers of bacteria on Earth — most are: Question options: 1) harmful 2) disease causing 3) harmless and many are even beneficial to humans 4) toxin producers stion 2 / 2 point Anopheles mosquitoes can pick up ______, which causes malaria, from the blood of an infected person and transmit the protozoan to an uninfected person. Question options: 1) Plasmodium 2) Yersinia pestis 3) Borrelia burgdorferi 4) HPV stion 2 / 2point Scientists usually define emerging microbes as those that have appeared only recently in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. One of the recent examples of such disease-causing microbes is: Question options: 1) Dengue 2) Malaria 3) 2009 H1N1 influenza virus 4) Polio stion 2 / 2 point All are correct about Fungi, except: Question options: 1) Mushrooms and Yeast are examples of fungi. 2) Some live in the human body, usually without causing illness. 3) Fungal diseases are called mycoses. 4) Fungi are not found in healthy human digestive system or skin. stion 2 / 2 point Tuberculosis infection is caused by: Question options: 1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2) Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 3) Cryptococcus neoformans 4) Candidastion 2 / 2 point One of the most common mental health conditions that people with HIV face is depression. Symptoms can include all of the following, except: Question options: 1) anxiety 2) negativity 3) feeling of helplessness 4) Always feeling very hungry stion 2 / 2 point Malaria is the fifth leading cause of death in low income countries and is caused by: Question options: 1) protozoa 2) bacteria 3) virus 4) fungi stion 2 / 2 point ______ and _______ are caused by protozoa. Question options: 1) SARS, swine flu 2) Malaria, toxoplasmosis 3) Tetanus, hepatitis C 4) Hepatitis B, denguestion 2 / 2 point The bite of a plasmodium-infected mosquito results in the disease: Question options: 1) Hepatitis B 2) Malaria 3) Shingles 4) Diphtheria stion 2 / 2 point HIV is treated with antiviral drugs to keep the viral loads at undetectable level in blood. HIV is a type of virus called a retrovirus, and the combination of drugs used to treat it is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). Sticking to your HIV treatment provides many benefits. Among them, it: Question options: 1) helps keep your immune system weaker, so HIV has less chance to attack immune cells. 2) allows HIV medications to reduce the amount of HIV in your body. 3) allows increase of red blood cells. 4) helps release of HIV from the body. stion 2 / 2 point Some of the ways to prevent HIV infection/AIDS include all of the following, except: Question options: 1) abstinence (someone who has never had sex or someone who has had sex but has decided not to continue having s some period of time). 2) testing of blood products before use. 3) if you keep an undetectable viral load (or stay virally suppressed), you can stay healthy and have effectively no ristransmitting HIV to an HIV-negative sex partner. 4) receiving prophylactic antibiotic therapy. stion 2 / 2 point All streptococcal infections must be treated early with: Question options: 1) antiviral medications 2) glucocorticoids 3) antibiotics 4) proteolytic enzymes stion 2 / 2 point You can become infected with pathogens by all of the following except: Question options: 1) touching something that has germs on it 2) eating or drinking something that has germs in it 3) breathing air that has germs in it 4) getting vaccinated stion 2 / 2 point All of the following are standard ways to remain free of disease except: Question options: 1) hand washing 2) getting appropriate vaccinations3) taking needed medications 4) avoiding plants and animals stion 2 / 2 point One major cause of disease re-emergence is that many microbes are becoming resistant to the drugs used to treat them. _______and ________are examples of such diseases. Question options: 1) Malaria, tuberculosis 2) Diphtheria, measles 3) Hepatitis B, hepatitis C 4) Influenza, pneumonia stion 2 / 2 point Opportunistic infections are NOT of important concerns: Question options: 1) for those persons with HIV/AIDS. 2) for individuals who received bone marrow transplant for leukemia or lymphoma. 3) for individuals receiving chemotherapy. 4) for immunocompetent individuals. stion 2 / 2 point All are correct about fungi, except: Question options: 1) Fungi may be uni- or multicellular. 2) Fungi are eukaryotic organism.3) Fungal organisms are common cause of opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS who are immunocomprom 4) Fungi are not found in healthy human digestive system or skin. stion 2 / 2 point The time between when a person may have been exposed to HIV and when a test can tell for sure whether the person has the virus is called the window period. What is the window period of an antigen/antibody test? Question options: 1) 10-33 days 2) 18-33 days 3) 33-45 days 4) 18-45 days stion 2 / 2 point Some infectious diseases are implicated in the development of neoplasia. One example is infection with Human papillomavirus that may cause: Question options: 1) gastric lymphoma 2) gastric adenocarcinoma 3) cervical cancer 4) ovarian cancer stion 2 / 2 point Most of the common infectious childhood diseases, such as measles and mumps, are transmitted through: Question options:1) the fecal-oral route 2) the respiratory route 3) insect transmission 4) water-borne transmission stion 2 / 2 point In the article “Musculoskeletal Conditions and Minority Ethnic Groups,” the key to success in revisiting the current delivery of healthcare is: Question options: 1) cultural competence at many levels, including individual practitioners 2) migration patterns of human populations 3) understanding patients’ perception of their illness 4) understanding patients’ perception of medical care