BIOL 2101 / A&P Lab Practical 1-Review
BIOL 2101 - Anatomy & Physiology I
Lab Practical I Review
Anatomical Terms (handout)
Know the correct anatomical position
• The standard anatomical reference for the human form is the anatomical position. When the body is in this position, the
hands are at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet are together
Know directional terms (superior, inferior, etc)
• anterior (ventral)—nearer to or at the front of the body • medial—nearer to the midline
• posterior (dorsal)—nearer to or at the back of the body • lateral—farther from the midline
• superior—towards the head • superficial—toward or on the surface
• inferior—towards the feet • deep—away from the surface
• proximal—nearer to the attachment of a limb • parietal—covering inside the body cavity
• distal—farther from the attachment of a limb • visceral—covering on the surface of an organ
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• Know regional terms of the body
• Axial region—includes head, neck, and trunk
• Appendicular region—includes limbs (arms, legs)
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• Know body cavities
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,BIOL 2101 / A&P Lab Practical 1-Review
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• Know anatomical planes
• sagittal plane divides the body into right and left sides (bilateral).
• midsagittal plane divides the body into "equal" right and left sides.
• parasagittal plane divides the body into unequal right and left sides.
• frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. It is at right angles to sagittal plane.
• transverse (horizontal) plane is parallel to the ground. It divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
• oblique plane is at an angle between the transverse plan and the sagittal or frontal planes
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• Know the five organ systems for A&P I
• integumentary system (skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails)
• skeletal system (bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow)
• muscular system (skeletal muscles and associated tendons)
• nervous system (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs)
• digestive system (teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas)
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• Know the serous membranes (visceral, parietal, peritoneum, pleura)
• The serous membrane that covers an organ is called visceral membrane (visceral layer)
• the serous membrane that lines the body cavity is called parietal membrane (parietal layer).
• the pleura, which lines the pleural cavities and covers the lungs;
• the peritoneum, which lines the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity and covers the surfaces of the enclosed organs
, BIOL 2101 / A&P Lab Practical 1-Review
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• Introduction to the Microscope (handout)
• Know parts of the compound light microscope
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• Be able to calculate the total magnification of the microscope
• OCULAR MAG OBJECTIVE MAG TOTAL MAG
• 10X 4X (scanning objective) 40X
• 10X 10X (low power) 100X
• 10X 40X (high dry) 400X
• 10X 100X (oil immersion) 1000X
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• Cell Sizes (handout)
• Know relative sizes (bacterium compared to phagocytic cell)
• Bacterium is 1-10 μ (micrometers in length)
• Phagocytic white blood cells
o Neutrophils = 12-15 μ
o Monocytes = 12-20 μ
o Eosinophils = 12-15 μ
• Phagocytosis is performed only by specialized cells, such as the macrophages, that protect tissues by engulfing
bacteria, cell debris, and other abnormal materials.
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BIOL 2101 - Anatomy & Physiology I
Lab Practical I Review
Anatomical Terms (handout)
Know the correct anatomical position
• The standard anatomical reference for the human form is the anatomical position. When the body is in this position, the
hands are at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet are together
Know directional terms (superior, inferior, etc)
• anterior (ventral)—nearer to or at the front of the body • medial—nearer to the midline
• posterior (dorsal)—nearer to or at the back of the body • lateral—farther from the midline
• superior—towards the head • superficial—toward or on the surface
• inferior—towards the feet • deep—away from the surface
• proximal—nearer to the attachment of a limb • parietal—covering inside the body cavity
• distal—farther from the attachment of a limb • visceral—covering on the surface of an organ
•
• Know regional terms of the body
• Axial region—includes head, neck, and trunk
• Appendicular region—includes limbs (arms, legs)
•
• Know body cavities
•
•
•
•
,BIOL 2101 / A&P Lab Practical 1-Review
•
•
•
•
•
• Know anatomical planes
• sagittal plane divides the body into right and left sides (bilateral).
• midsagittal plane divides the body into "equal" right and left sides.
• parasagittal plane divides the body into unequal right and left sides.
• frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. It is at right angles to sagittal plane.
• transverse (horizontal) plane is parallel to the ground. It divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
• oblique plane is at an angle between the transverse plan and the sagittal or frontal planes
•
•
• Know the five organ systems for A&P I
• integumentary system (skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails)
• skeletal system (bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow)
• muscular system (skeletal muscles and associated tendons)
• nervous system (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs)
• digestive system (teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas)
•
• Know the serous membranes (visceral, parietal, peritoneum, pleura)
• The serous membrane that covers an organ is called visceral membrane (visceral layer)
• the serous membrane that lines the body cavity is called parietal membrane (parietal layer).
• the pleura, which lines the pleural cavities and covers the lungs;
• the peritoneum, which lines the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity and covers the surfaces of the enclosed organs
, BIOL 2101 / A&P Lab Practical 1-Review
•
•
•
•
•
• Introduction to the Microscope (handout)
• Know parts of the compound light microscope
•
•
• Be able to calculate the total magnification of the microscope
• OCULAR MAG OBJECTIVE MAG TOTAL MAG
• 10X 4X (scanning objective) 40X
• 10X 10X (low power) 100X
• 10X 40X (high dry) 400X
• 10X 100X (oil immersion) 1000X
•
•
• Cell Sizes (handout)
• Know relative sizes (bacterium compared to phagocytic cell)
• Bacterium is 1-10 μ (micrometers in length)
• Phagocytic white blood cells
o Neutrophils = 12-15 μ
o Monocytes = 12-20 μ
o Eosinophils = 12-15 μ
• Phagocytosis is performed only by specialized cells, such as the macrophages, that protect tissues by engulfing
bacteria, cell debris, and other abnormal materials.
•
•
•
•
•
