1) How has networking become a major trend regarding the changing nature of
organizational design?
Answer:
We have increasingly been observing organizations limiting themselves to fewer
activities in which they have expertise and assigning specialists to handle all other
functions. This is also associated with the notion of integrated or networked
organizations. Through networking, organizations can engage in cooperative
relationships with suppliers, distributors, or competitors. The aim is to improve their
efficiency and flexibility in meeting new consumer needs. For example, a close
relationship with a distributor might offer the supplier company more information about
the changing needs of customers.
Diff: 2
Type: ES
Page Reference: 121
Skill: both
Objective: LO1
2) How is the machine metaphor relevant to the management philosophy referred to as
scientific management?
Answer:
The classical school of management thought, including scientific management,
administrative management, and bureaucratic management, can be viewed as arising
from a specific conceptualization or metaphor of what organizations represent. Arguably,
the classical school of management thought is based implicitly on a conception of
organizations that employs a machine metaphor. Machines are perceived as entities that
function in a prescribed, rational manner. They are devised to perform work that leads
toward specific goals, structure, and technology. Consequently, scholars have explained
the purpose of organizations as they would a machine—to function in an orderly,
prescribed, and controlled manner. The aim, then, is to design organizations as if they
were machines - to function in an orderly, prescribed, rational and controlled manner.
Based on that, the classical school of management viewed organizations as entities
devised to perform work that led toward specific goals, structure, and technology.
Diff: 4
Type: ES
Page Reference: 125
Skill: both
Objective: LO2
Test Bank for Karakowsky and Guriel, The Context of Business, 1e
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 1
organizational design?
Answer:
We have increasingly been observing organizations limiting themselves to fewer
activities in which they have expertise and assigning specialists to handle all other
functions. This is also associated with the notion of integrated or networked
organizations. Through networking, organizations can engage in cooperative
relationships with suppliers, distributors, or competitors. The aim is to improve their
efficiency and flexibility in meeting new consumer needs. For example, a close
relationship with a distributor might offer the supplier company more information about
the changing needs of customers.
Diff: 2
Type: ES
Page Reference: 121
Skill: both
Objective: LO1
2) How is the machine metaphor relevant to the management philosophy referred to as
scientific management?
Answer:
The classical school of management thought, including scientific management,
administrative management, and bureaucratic management, can be viewed as arising
from a specific conceptualization or metaphor of what organizations represent. Arguably,
the classical school of management thought is based implicitly on a conception of
organizations that employs a machine metaphor. Machines are perceived as entities that
function in a prescribed, rational manner. They are devised to perform work that leads
toward specific goals, structure, and technology. Consequently, scholars have explained
the purpose of organizations as they would a machine—to function in an orderly,
prescribed, and controlled manner. The aim, then, is to design organizations as if they
were machines - to function in an orderly, prescribed, rational and controlled manner.
Based on that, the classical school of management viewed organizations as entities
devised to perform work that led toward specific goals, structure, and technology.
Diff: 4
Type: ES
Page Reference: 125
Skill: both
Objective: LO2
Test Bank for Karakowsky and Guriel, The Context of Business, 1e
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 1
