Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
I I I I I
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank
I I I I I I I
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
I I I I I I
PRACTICE
I
1. The I characteristic, I localized I cardinal I signs I of I acute I inflammation I include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The Ivascular, I hemodynamic Istage I of I acute Iinflammation I is Iinitiated Iby
Imomentary I vasoconstriction I followed I by I vasodilation I that I causes
I localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale Iskin.
D) coolness.
3. The Icellular Istage I of Iacute Iinflammation I is Imarked I by Ithe Imovement I of
Ileukocytes I into I the I area. I Which I of I the I following I cells I arrives I early I in
I greatInumbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The I phagocytosis I process I involves I three I distinct I steps. I What I is I the
I initialIstep Iin Ithe Iprocess?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular I killing
C) Antigen I margination
D) Recognition I and I adherence
5. Which I of I the I following I mediators I of I inflammation I causes I increased
I capillaryIp ermeability Iand Ipain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric I oxide
6. Inflammatory I exudates I are I a I combination I of I several I types. I Which I of
I theIfollowing I exudates I is Icomposed I of Ienmeshed I necrotic Icells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The I acute-phase I systemic I response I usually I begins I within I hours I of I the
I onsetIof Iinflammation Iand Iincludes:
A) fever Iand I lethargy.
B) decreased I C-reactive I protein.
C) positive I nitrogen I balance.
D) low I erythrocyte I sedimentation I rate.
8. In I contrast I to I acute I inflammation, I chronic I inflammation I is I characterized
I byIwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iphenomena?
,A) Profuse I fibrinous Iexudation
B) A Ishift Ito Ithe I left I of Igranulocytes
C) Metabolic I and I respiratory I alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis I and I activated I macrophages
9. Exogenous I pyrogens I (interleukin-1) I and I the I presence I of I bacteria I in I the
I bloodIlead Ito I the Irelease I of I endogenous Ipyrogens I that:
A) stabilize Ithermal Icontrol I in Ithe Ibrain.
B) produce I leukocytosis I and I anorexia.
C) block I viral I replication I in I cells.
D) inhibit I prostaglandin I release.
10 An I older Iadult Ipatient I has I just Isheared I the Iskin I on I her Ielbow Iwhile Iattempted
. to Iboost I herself Iup I in Ibed, Ian Ievent Ithat I has Iprecipitated I acute
I inflammationIin I the I region I surrounding I the I wound. I Which I of I the I following
I events I will Ioccur Iduring Ithe I vascular Istage I of Ithe Ipatients I inflammation?
A) Outpouring I of I exudate I into I interstitial I spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation I of I leukocytes I along I the I epithelium
D) Phagocytosis I of I cellular I debris
11 Which I of Ithe I following I individuals Imost I likely I has I the I highest Irisk I of
. experiencing I chronic I inflammation?
A) A Ipatient Iwho I has Irecently Ibeen Idiagnosed Iwith Itype I2 Idiabetes
B) A Ipatient Iwho I is Ia Icarrier I of I an I antibiotic-resistant I organism
C) A Ipatient Iwho I is Itaking I oral Iantibiotics I for Ian I upper Irespiratory I infection
D) A Ipatient Iwho I is Imorbidly I obese Iand Iwho I has Ia Isedentary I lifestyle
12 Which I of I the I following I core I body I temperatures I is I within I normal I range?
.
A) 35.9C I (96.6F)
, B) 38.0C I (100.4F)
C) 35.5C I (95.9F)
D) 37.3C I (99.1F)
13 A I postsurgical I patient I who I is I recovering I in I the I postanesthetic I recovery I unit
. states Ithat Ishe I is I freezing Icold. IWhich I of I the I following I measures I is I likely
I toIb e I initiated I in I the I patients I hypothalamus I in I an I effort I to I reduce I heat I loss?
A) Opening I of I arteriovenous I (AV) I shunts
B) Reduced I exhalation I of I warmed I air
C) Contraction I of I pilomotor I muscles
D) Decreased I urine I production
14 An I elderly I patient I is Idressed I only I in I a I hospital Igown I and Icomplains I of Ia
. draft I in I her Iroom. I Consequently, Ishe I has I requested I a Iwarm Iblanket I while
I sheIs its I in I her I wheelchair. IWhich I of I the I following I mechanisms I of I heat I loss
I is Imost Ilikely Ithe Iprimary Icause Iof I her Irequest?
A) Evaporation I and I conduction
B) Radiation I and I convection
C) Conduction I and I convection
D) Convection I and I evaporation
15 Which I of I the I following I pathophysiologic I processes I are I capable I of I inducing
. the Iproduction I of Ipyrogens? ISelect I all I that Iapply.
A) Acute I inflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial I infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal I failure
16 Which I of Ithe I following Ipatients I is I most I likely Ito Ibe Isusceptible I to
. developing I a I neurogenic I fever?
I I I I I
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs Test Bank
I I I I I I I
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
I I I I I I
PRACTICE
I
1. The I characteristic, I localized I cardinal I signs I of I acute I inflammation I include:
A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.
2. The Ivascular, I hemodynamic Istage I of I acute Iinflammation I is Iinitiated Iby
Imomentary I vasoconstriction I followed I by I vasodilation I that I causes
I localized:
A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale Iskin.
D) coolness.
3. The Icellular Istage I of Iacute Iinflammation I is Imarked I by Ithe Imovement I of
Ileukocytes I into I the I area. I Which I of I the I following I cells I arrives I early I in
I greatInumbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
,4. The I phagocytosis I process I involves I three I distinct I steps. I What I is I the
I initialIstep Iin Ithe Iprocess?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular I killing
C) Antigen I margination
D) Recognition I and I adherence
5. Which I of I the I following I mediators I of I inflammation I causes I increased
I capillaryIp ermeability Iand Ipain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric I oxide
6. Inflammatory I exudates I are I a I combination I of I several I types. I Which I of
I theIfollowing I exudates I is Icomposed I of Ienmeshed I necrotic Icells?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The I acute-phase I systemic I response I usually I begins I within I hours I of I the
I onsetIof Iinflammation Iand Iincludes:
A) fever Iand I lethargy.
B) decreased I C-reactive I protein.
C) positive I nitrogen I balance.
D) low I erythrocyte I sedimentation I rate.
8. In I contrast I to I acute I inflammation, I chronic I inflammation I is I characterized
I byIwhich Iof Ithe Ifollowing Iphenomena?
,A) Profuse I fibrinous Iexudation
B) A Ishift Ito Ithe I left I of Igranulocytes
C) Metabolic I and I respiratory I alkalosis
D) Lymphocytosis I and I activated I macrophages
9. Exogenous I pyrogens I (interleukin-1) I and I the I presence I of I bacteria I in I the
I bloodIlead Ito I the Irelease I of I endogenous Ipyrogens I that:
A) stabilize Ithermal Icontrol I in Ithe Ibrain.
B) produce I leukocytosis I and I anorexia.
C) block I viral I replication I in I cells.
D) inhibit I prostaglandin I release.
10 An I older Iadult Ipatient I has I just Isheared I the Iskin I on I her Ielbow Iwhile Iattempted
. to Iboost I herself Iup I in Ibed, Ian Ievent Ithat I has Iprecipitated I acute
I inflammationIin I the I region I surrounding I the I wound. I Which I of I the I following
I events I will Ioccur Iduring Ithe I vascular Istage I of Ithe Ipatients I inflammation?
A) Outpouring I of I exudate I into I interstitial I spaces
B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation I of I leukocytes I along I the I epithelium
D) Phagocytosis I of I cellular I debris
11 Which I of Ithe I following I individuals Imost I likely I has I the I highest Irisk I of
. experiencing I chronic I inflammation?
A) A Ipatient Iwho I has Irecently Ibeen Idiagnosed Iwith Itype I2 Idiabetes
B) A Ipatient Iwho I is Ia Icarrier I of I an I antibiotic-resistant I organism
C) A Ipatient Iwho I is Itaking I oral Iantibiotics I for Ian I upper Irespiratory I infection
D) A Ipatient Iwho I is Imorbidly I obese Iand Iwho I has Ia Isedentary I lifestyle
12 Which I of I the I following I core I body I temperatures I is I within I normal I range?
.
A) 35.9C I (96.6F)
, B) 38.0C I (100.4F)
C) 35.5C I (95.9F)
D) 37.3C I (99.1F)
13 A I postsurgical I patient I who I is I recovering I in I the I postanesthetic I recovery I unit
. states Ithat Ishe I is I freezing Icold. IWhich I of I the I following I measures I is I likely
I toIb e I initiated I in I the I patients I hypothalamus I in I an I effort I to I reduce I heat I loss?
A) Opening I of I arteriovenous I (AV) I shunts
B) Reduced I exhalation I of I warmed I air
C) Contraction I of I pilomotor I muscles
D) Decreased I urine I production
14 An I elderly I patient I is Idressed I only I in I a I hospital Igown I and Icomplains I of Ia
. draft I in I her Iroom. I Consequently, Ishe I has I requested I a Iwarm Iblanket I while
I sheIs its I in I her I wheelchair. IWhich I of I the I following I mechanisms I of I heat I loss
I is Imost Ilikely Ithe Iprimary Icause Iof I her Irequest?
A) Evaporation I and I conduction
B) Radiation I and I convection
C) Conduction I and I convection
D) Convection I and I evaporation
15 Which I of I the I following I pathophysiologic I processes I are I capable I of I inducing
. the Iproduction I of Ipyrogens? ISelect I all I that Iapply.
A) Acute I inflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial I infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal I failure
16 Which I of Ithe I following Ipatients I is I most I likely Ito Ibe Isusceptible I to
. developing I a I neurogenic I fever?
