Applied Pathophysiology A Conceptual Approach to the I I I I I I
Mechanisms of Disease 3rd Edition Braun Test Bank
I I I I I I I I
Chapter 1Introduction to Pathophysiology
I I I
1. The nucleus I , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
I I I I I I I I I I
A) is the site of protein synthesis
I I I I I
B) contains the genetic code I I I
C) transforms cellular energy I I
D) initiates aerobic metabolism I I
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power
I I I I I I I I I I I I
plants of the cell because they:
I I I I I I
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis. I I I I
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
I I I I
C) extract energy from organic compounds. I I I I
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
I I I I I
3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
I I I I I I I I I I I
A) bound and transmembrane proteins. I I I
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains. I I I
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors. I I I I
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
I I I I I I
4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical
I I I I I I I
messenger systems that:
I I I
A) displace surface receptor proteins. I I I
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions. I I I I
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
I I I
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
I I I I
5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
I I I I I I I I I
,A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP. I I I I I
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. I I I I I I
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm. I I I I I
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
I I I I I I
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in
I I I I I I I into the I
extracellular fluid.
I I
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
I I I I I I I
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
I I I I I
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
I I I I I I
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion I I I I I I I
7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
I I I I I I I I I
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions. I I I
B) millivoltage of electrical potential. I I I
C) polarization of charged particles. I I I
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
I I
8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the
I I I I I I I I I I I I
number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description
I I I I I I I I I I I I
and type of epithelial tissue?
I I I I I
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not
I I I I I I I I I I
extend to surface
I I I
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement
I I I I I I I I I I
membrane
I
C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying
I I I I I I I
connective tissue
I I
D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on I I I I I I I I I
basement membrane
I I
9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
I I I I I I I
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
I I I I I
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
I I I I I I
,C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
I I I I I I I
D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
I I I I I I I I
10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also
I I I I I I I I I I
known as involuntary muscle) differs by:
I I I I I I
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
I I I I I I
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands. I I I I I I I
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
I I I I I
D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium. I I I I I I
11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
I I I
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
I I I I I I I
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
I I I I I I I I
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs I I I I I I
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis I I I I
12. Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-out cell parts are
I I I I I I I I I I
performed by which of the following organelles?
I I I I I I I
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus I
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) I I
13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
I I I I I I I I
A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis. I I I I
B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
I I I I I I I I I
C) insufficient energy production within a cell. I I I I I
D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm. I I I I I I
14. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility
I I I I I I I I I I I
testing. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility,
I I I I I I I I I I I
a finding that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
, Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the mans
I I I I I I I I I I I
sperm?
I
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
15. Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis?
I I I I I I I I
A) Glycolysis requires oxygen. I I
B) Glycolysis occurs in cells without mitochondria.
I I I I I
C) Glycolysis provides the majority of the bodys energy needs.
I I I I I I I I
D) Glycolysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
I I I I I I
16. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest
I I I I I I I I I
amount of energy?
I I I
A) Facilitated diffusion I
B) Passive transport I
C) Vesicular transport I
D) Simple diffusion I
17. A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing
I I I I I I I I I I I I
hyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of
I I I I I I I I I I I
glucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack
I I I I I I I I I I
intracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the following
I I I I I I I I I I I I
processes would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes?
I I I I I I I I I I
A) Facilitated diffusion I
B) Simple diffusion I
C) Secondary active transport I I
D) Endocytosis
18. Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle cells?
I I I I I I I I I I
A) Skeletal muscle cells each have an apical, lateral, and basal surface.
I I I I I I I I I I
Mechanisms of Disease 3rd Edition Braun Test Bank
I I I I I I I I
Chapter 1Introduction to Pathophysiology
I I I
1. The nucleus I , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
I I I I I I I I I I
A) is the site of protein synthesis
I I I I I
B) contains the genetic code I I I
C) transforms cellular energy I I
D) initiates aerobic metabolism I I
2. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power
I I I I I I I I I I I I
plants of the cell because they:
I I I I I I
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis. I I I I
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
I I I I
C) extract energy from organic compounds. I I I I
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
I I I I I
3. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
I I I I I I I I I I I
A) bound and transmembrane proteins. I I I
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains. I I I
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors. I I I I
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
I I I I I I
4. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical
I I I I I I I
messenger systems that:
I I I
A) displace surface receptor proteins. I I I
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions. I I I I
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
I I I
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
I I I I
5. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
I I I I I I I I I
,A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP. I I I I I
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. I I I I I I
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm. I I I I I
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
I I I I I I
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in
I I I I I I I into the I
extracellular fluid.
I I
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
I I I I I I I
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
I I I I I
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
I I I I I I
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion I I I I I I I
7. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
I I I I I I I I I
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions. I I I
B) millivoltage of electrical potential. I I I
C) polarization of charged particles. I I I
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
I I
8. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the
I I I I I I I I I I I I
number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description
I I I I I I I I I I I I
and type of epithelial tissue?
I I I I I
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not
I I I I I I I I I I
extend to surface
I I I
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement
I I I I I I I I I I
membrane
I
C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying
I I I I I I I
connective tissue
I I
D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on I I I I I I I I I
basement membrane
I I
9. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
I I I I I I I
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
I I I I I
B) synthesis of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.
I I I I I I
,C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscles.
I I I I I I I
D) filling spaces between tissues to keep organs in place.
I I I I I I I I
10. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also
I I I I I I I I I I
known as involuntary muscle) differs by:
I I I I I I
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
I I I I I I
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands. I I I I I I I
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
I I I I I
D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium. I I I I I I
11. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
I I I
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
I I I I I I I
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
I I I I I I I I
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs I I I I I I
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis I I I I
12. Breakdown and removal of foreign substances and worn-out cell parts are
I I I I I I I I I I
performed by which of the following organelles?
I I I I I I I
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus I
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) I I
13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
I I I I I I I I
A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis. I I I I
B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
I I I I I I I I I
C) insufficient energy production within a cell. I I I I I
D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm. I I I I I I
14. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility
I I I I I I I I I I I
testing. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility,
I I I I I I I I I I I
a finding that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
, Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the mans
I I I I I I I I I I I
sperm?
I
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
15. Which of the following statements is true of glycolysis?
I I I I I I I I
A) Glycolysis requires oxygen. I I
B) Glycolysis occurs in cells without mitochondria.
I I I I I
C) Glycolysis provides the majority of the bodys energy needs.
I I I I I I I I
D) Glycolysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
I I I I I I
16. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest
I I I I I I I I I
amount of energy?
I I I
A) Facilitated diffusion I
B) Passive transport I
C) Vesicular transport I
D) Simple diffusion I
17. A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing
I I I I I I I I I I I I
hyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of
I I I I I I I I I I I
glucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack
I I I I I I I I I I
intracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the following
I I I I I I I I I I I I
processes would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes?
I I I I I I I I I I
A) Facilitated diffusion I
B) Simple diffusion I
C) Secondary active transport I I
D) Endocytosis
18. Which of the following statements is true of skeletal muscle cells?
I I I I I I I I I I
A) Skeletal muscle cells each have an apical, lateral, and basal surface.
I I I I I I I I I I
