GNUR 294 FINAL EXAM
Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases
Talking about bacterial infections, most prominent
Antibiotics
They don’t affect viral infections at all
They best most effective approach is prevention i.e. hand washing
Patients may allergies, pregnant, some host factors that will come into play
Antibiotic resistance- acquired, becoming a major proble clinical settings
Organisms to become resistance to the drugs
Bacteria can build up a defense i.e. MRS, VRE, MDRO
Several ways that they can occur important to have an idea of what is going
They can deactivate a drug, they can develop a pump within the cells to pump the drug out of
the cell
Always want to make sure correct drug is given for the correct infection
Different categories
Many of the potential adverse effects are very similar
Penicillins
o Many different generations of this
o –cillin is the suffix
o Because it has been around a lot of antibiotic resistance against this
o The bacteria has learned to develop a beta-lactam enzyme to break down the drug
molecule before it can become effective
o Overall important adverse effects of any type of antibiotics:
Allergies, allergic reaction, want to make if they allergic to any antibiotic, if
they have received this drug itself, and what were the adverse effects
GI- N&V&D, might affect compliance
Excreted by the kidneys
Always check BUN, and creatine
Interacts with oral contraceptives renders them ineffective
In some cases the patient might get PMC- pseudomembranous colitis, very
severe form of diarrhea, causes malabsorption
C. diff- the supper infection when on antibiotics, highly contagious
Causes the normal flora to be destroyed, patient starts to have
opportunistic growhts i.e. thrush (oral), vaginal infection
Penicillin Combinations
o Given much more frequently
o Extends the ability of the penicillin to work
Anaphylactic Reaction
o Remember when massive histamine response by the immune response against a
recognized an antigen, we will see massive vasodilation, low BP, CO, hypoxic,
swelling in their throat and going to cause airway occlusion, tachycardia
o Given for the first time: want to hang around the room to see if patient is going to
have issues
o Can occur at anytime
Cephalosporins
o Prefix, -cef
o Developed later than penicillin
o A lot of resistance
o 5 ore more generations of these drugs
o Any time the bacteria that is resistant to one generation
o Drug-drug interaction is anticoagulants, and alcohol
o Patients that are on anticoagulants or drink a lot of alcohol have to be consumed
Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases
Talking about bacterial infections, most prominent
Antibiotics
They don’t affect viral infections at all
They best most effective approach is prevention i.e. hand washing
Patients may allergies, pregnant, some host factors that will come into play
Antibiotic resistance- acquired, becoming a major proble clinical settings
Organisms to become resistance to the drugs
Bacteria can build up a defense i.e. MRS, VRE, MDRO
Several ways that they can occur important to have an idea of what is going
They can deactivate a drug, they can develop a pump within the cells to pump the drug out of
the cell
Always want to make sure correct drug is given for the correct infection
Different categories
Many of the potential adverse effects are very similar
Penicillins
o Many different generations of this
o –cillin is the suffix
o Because it has been around a lot of antibiotic resistance against this
o The bacteria has learned to develop a beta-lactam enzyme to break down the drug
molecule before it can become effective
o Overall important adverse effects of any type of antibiotics:
Allergies, allergic reaction, want to make if they allergic to any antibiotic, if
they have received this drug itself, and what were the adverse effects
GI- N&V&D, might affect compliance
Excreted by the kidneys
Always check BUN, and creatine
Interacts with oral contraceptives renders them ineffective
In some cases the patient might get PMC- pseudomembranous colitis, very
severe form of diarrhea, causes malabsorption
C. diff- the supper infection when on antibiotics, highly contagious
Causes the normal flora to be destroyed, patient starts to have
opportunistic growhts i.e. thrush (oral), vaginal infection
Penicillin Combinations
o Given much more frequently
o Extends the ability of the penicillin to work
Anaphylactic Reaction
o Remember when massive histamine response by the immune response against a
recognized an antigen, we will see massive vasodilation, low BP, CO, hypoxic,
swelling in their throat and going to cause airway occlusion, tachycardia
o Given for the first time: want to hang around the room to see if patient is going to
have issues
o Can occur at anytime
Cephalosporins
o Prefix, -cef
o Developed later than penicillin
o A lot of resistance
o 5 ore more generations of these drugs
o Any time the bacteria that is resistant to one generation
o Drug-drug interaction is anticoagulants, and alcohol
o Patients that are on anticoagulants or drink a lot of alcohol have to be consumed
