GNUR 294 Pharm Exam 4 / GNUR 294 Pharm Exam 4:NEWEST-2022

Pharm Exam 4

ANTIBIOTICS
 Antibiotics kill all of bacteria or lower the # so the immune system could
kill the rest
 Penicillin (ampicillin)
o First massed produced antibiotic
o Beta lactam ring
o Resistance
o Allergic reactions
o Cross hypersensitivity with cephalosporins
 Some categories of antibiotics have cross allergy type
reactions
 precaution
o Adverse effects: GI
o Caution: renal impairment, oral contraceptives
 Antibiotics inducers to oral contraceptives
 Level of BC will drop
 Only a few antibiotics are inducers
o Side effects: UTI, gonorrhea, peritonitis, pneumonia, septicemia,
meningitis
o Category B
 All antibiotics have 3 major adverse effects
o Allergy: most antigenic drug we have, 2nd time given could lead
to anaphylaxis r/t reoccurrence

, o Nephrotoxicity: to decrease potential toxicity, also provide fluids
o Supra infections: normal flora also killed off by antibiotics,
secondary infection (yeast, oral thrush), C. Diff is a GI adverse
effect, can’t get it unless taking an antibiotic
 Penicillin Combinations
o B-lactamase inhibitors given with penicillin
o Extend antimicrobial spectrum when combined with
penicillinase-sensitive antibiotics
o Just kills enzyme so the ring will work
 Anaphylactic reaction
o SNS surge
o Low BP
o Massive vasodilation from immune system response
o Tachycardia
o Loss of consciousness
 Cephalosporins
o Cefalozin
o Largest antibiotic class
o Beta-lactam ring
o Gram-negative infections
o Resistance
o Allergic reactions
o AE: GI
o Caution: renal impairment, anticoagulants (inhibits them),
alcohol (drug-drug interaction), increased INR b/c it’s not being
metabolized



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