NR 222 Exam 1 Study Guide
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Definitions of health, health promotion, illness, disease
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Nurses iRole iin ihealth iand iillness: iUnderstands ithe ichallenges iof itoday’s ihealth icare isystem/ iIdentifies
iactual iand ipotential irisk ifactors/ i Experiences icompassion ifatigue
Health iDefined iin itext-is ia istate iof iphysical, imental, ispiritual, iand isocial ifunctioning ithat irealizes ia
iperson’s ipotential iand iis iexperienced iwithin ithe idevelopment icontext. i Health iis iconsidered ito ibe ipart iof
ithe imetaparadigm ifor inursing, iwhich iincludes ithe ifour icomponents iof iperson, ihealth, ienvironment, iand
inursing. iHealth iencompasses ispiritual, idevelopmental, iand ienvironmental iaspects iover itime.
Health iDefined iby i(WHO) iis imore iconsistent- iThe istate iof icomplete iphysical, imental, iand isocial iwell-
ibeing iand inot imerely ithe iabsence iof idisease iand iinfirmity. iExample: iA iperson iwith idiabetes imaybe
iconsidered ihealthy iif ishe iis iable ito iadapt ito iher iillness iand ilive ia imeaningful, ispiritually isatisfying ilife.
iExample iQuestion: iA istate iof iphysical, imental, ispiritual, iand isocial ifunctioning ithat irealizes ia iperson’s
ipotential iand iis iexperienced iwithin ia idevelopmental icontext iis iknown ias: iHealth
Ex iQuestion: iHealth iis iconsidered ito ibe ia imetaparadigm ifor inursing iand iincludes iwhich iof ithe ifollowing
icomponents? i(select iall ithat iapply) iPerson, iHealth, iEnvironment, iNursing
Health iPromotion- iThe iscience iand iart iof ihelping ipeople ichange itheir ilifestyle ito imove itoward ia istate iof
ioptimal ihealth. iThe iprocess iof iadvocating ihealth ito ienhance ithe iprobability ithat ipersonal i(individual,
ifamily iand icommunity) iprivate i(professional iand ibusiness) iand ipublic i(federal, istate iand ilocal
igovernment) iHealth ipromotion iis ialso iproactive idecision imaking iat iall ilevels iof isociety. iHealth
ipromotion iholds ithe ibest ipromise ifor ilower-cost imethods iof ilimiting ithe iconstant iincrease iin ihealthcare
icosts. iIncreasing ia ipatient’s ilevel iof iwell-being iwithin itheir ienvironment ito ipursue ihealth.
Ex iQuestions: iThe inurse iassesses ia icommunity ifor ievidence iof ihealth-promotion istrategies. iWhich iof ithe
ifollowing iare ihealth-promotion istrategies? iSelf-Care ifor iminor iillness/Environmental ichanges ito ienhance
iclean iair/Supporting iHabitat ifor iHumanity iHouse iConstruction.
Ex iQuestion: iPublic ihealth inurses iare iinvolved iin isupporting iactive ihealth ipromotion istrategies isuch ias:
iParticipating iin ian iindividual idaily iexercise iprogram.
Ex iQuestion: iNurses iin ithe ischool isetting ican iparticipate iin ihealth ipromotion iactivities ithrough icreating
inut-free ischools. iThis iwould iprotect ihypersensitive ichildren ifrom ilife-threatening iallergic ireactions ito
ipeanuts iand iother inut iproducts. iThis itype iof iprogram iis ian iexample iof iwhich iof ithe ifollowing
iinterventions? iPrimary iPrevention iLevel iwhich ialso ities iinto iHealth iPromotion.
Ex iQuestion: iWhich iof ithe ifollowing idemonstrates ia inurse itaking iaction ito ipromote ihealth iand iprevent
idisease? iEducating ia iperson iabout ithe iadvantages iof ia iheart-healthy idiet iduring ia ihome ivisit.
Rationale: iSolutions ifor ihealth ipromotion iare ifocused ion iindividual iand igovernment iinvolvement. iTo
ipromote ihealth iand iwellness, ian iemphasis imust ibe iplaced ion iprimary iprevention. iThis iis ioften irelatedito
iactions isuch ias ieducation ithat iinfluence ilifestyle ichoices. iIn ithe ipreceding iexample, ieducating ia
,person iabout ithe iadvantages iof ia iheart-healthy idiet iduring ia ihome ivisit iserves ito iinfluence ilifestyle
ichoices.
Ex iQuestion: iIn iaddition ito ichanges iin iethnic iand iracial idistribution iwithin ithe ipopulation, iit iis iexpected
ithat ichanges iin distribution iwill iaffect ihealth ipromotion ipractice. iAnswer: iAge
Illness- iis ia istate iin iwhich ia iperson’s iphysical, iemotional, iintellectual, isocial, idevelopmental, ior ispiritual
ifunctioning iis idiminished ior iimpaired. iA iperson ican ihave ia idisease iwithout ifeeling iill iand ia iperson ican
ialso ifeel iill iwithout ihaving ia idiagnosable idisease. iEx iQuestion: iWhich iof ithe ifollowing ibest idescribes ia
iclient iwho ihas ian iillness? iSomeone iwith ia iheadache. iSomeone iwith ia iheadache irepresents ia iperson
iwith ian iillness. iAn iillness iis imade iup iof ithe isubjective iexperience iof ithe iindividual iand ithe iphysical
imanifestation iof idisease. iIt ican ibe idescribed ias ia iresponse icharacterized iby ia imismatch ibetween ia
iperson’s ineeds iand ithe iresources iavailable ito imeet ithose ineeds. iA iperson ican ihave ia idisease iwithout
ifeeling iill. iEx iQuestion: iWhen iillness ioccurs, idifferent iattitudes iabout iit icause ipeople ito ireact iin idifferent
iways. iWhat ido imedical isociologists icall ithis ireaction ito iillness? i Illness ibehavior
Disease- imeans iwithout iease/ ithe ifailure iof ia iperson’s iadaptive imechanisms ito icounteract istimuli iand
istresses iadequately, iresulting iin ifunctional ior istructural idisturbances.
Ex. iQuestion iWhich iof ithe ifollowing iagencies ior iinitiatives ihave ibeen idriving iforces iin i Health iCare
iReform iand ithe iprevention iof iDisease iin isociety? i(select iall ithat iapply)
Healthy iPeople/ iU.S. iDepartment iof iHealth, iEducation iand iWelfare/ iU.S. iDepartment iof iHealth iandiHuman
iServices
Internal and External Variables influencing health beliefs and practices
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Internal iVariables- iinclude ia iperson’s idevelopmental istage, iintellectual ibackground, iperception iof
ifunctioning, iand iemotional iand ispiritual ifactors.
Ex iQuestion ifor iInternal iVariables: iA inurse iis iassessing iinternal ivariables ithat iare iaffecting ithe ipatient’s
ihealth istatus. iWhich iarea ishould ithe inurse iassess? iPerception iof iFunctioning.
• Developmental istage- iA iPerson’s ithoughts iand ibehavior ipatterns ichange ithroughout ilife.
iEmotional idevelopment imay ialso iinfluence ipersonal ibeliefs iabout ihealth-related imatters.
• Intellectual iBackground- iA iperson’s ibelief iabout ihealth iare ishaped iin ipart iby ia iperson’s
knowledge, ilack iof iknowledge ior iincorrect iinformation iabout ibody ifunctions iand iillnesses,
ieducational ibackground, iand ipast iexperiences.
• Perception iof ifunctioning- iThe iway ipeople iperceive itheir iphysical ifunctioning iaffects ihealth
ibeliefs iand ipractices. iWhen iaccessing ia ipatient’s ilevel iof ihealth, iyou igather isubjective idata
iabout ithe iway ithe ipatient iperceives iphysical ifunctioning isuch ias ia ilevel iof ifatigue, ishortness iof
ibreath ior ipain. iObjective idata isuch ias iblood ipressure, iheight imeasurements iand ilung isound
iassessments.
• Emotional iFactors- iThe ipatient’s idegree iof istress, idepression ior ifear ican iinfluence ihealth ibelief
and ipractices.
,• Spiritual iFactors- iSpirituality iis ireflected iin ihow ia iperson ilives ihis ior iher ilife, iincluding ithe ivalues
iand ibeliefs iexercised ithe irelationships iestablished iwith ifamily iand ifriends, iand ithe iability ito ifind
ihope iand imeaning iin ilife.
Ex iQuestion: iA inurse iis iassessing iinternal ivariables ithat iare iaffecting ithe ipatient’s ihealth istatus.
Which iarea ishould ithe inurse iassess? iPerception iof iFunctioning
External iVariables- iinfluencing ia iperson’s ihealth ibelief iand ipractices iinclude ifamily ipractices,
isocioeconomic ifactors, iand icultural ibackground.
Ex. iQuestion iA imale ipatient ihas ibeen ilaid ioff ifrom ihis iconstruction ijob iand ihas imany iunpaid ibills. iHeiis
igoing ithrough ia idivorce ifrom ihis imarriage iof i15 iyears iand ihas ibeen iseeing ihis ipastor ito ihelp ihim
ithrough ithis idifficult itime. iHe idoes inot ihave ia iprimary ihealth icare iprovider ibecause ihe ihas inever
ireally ibeen isick, iand ihis iparents inever itook ihim ito ia iphysician iwhen ihe iwas ia ichild. iWhich iexternal
ivariables iinfluence ithe ipatient’s ihealth ipractices? i(Select iall ithat iapply.)
- Difficulty ipaying ibills/ iStress ifrom idivorce iand iloss iof ijob/ iFamily iof inot iroutinely iseeing ia
ihealthcare iprovider ias ia ichild
Ex iQuestion: iThe inurse iis iadmitting ia ipatient iwith iuncontrolled idiabetes imellitus. iIt iis ithe ifourth
itime ithe ipatient iis ibeing iadmitted iin ithe ilast i6 imonths ifor ihigh iblood isugars. iDuring ithe iadmission
iprocess, ithe inurse iasks ithe ipatient iabout iemployment istatus iand idisplays ia inonjudgmental iattitude.
iWhat iis ithe irationale ifor ithe inurse’s iactions?
- A iperson’s icompliance iis iaffected iby ieconomic istatus.
Ex iQuestion: iWhich iareas ishould ithe inurse iassess ito idetermine ithe ieffects iof iexternal ivariables ion ia
ipatient’s iillness? iSocial iSupport/ iCultural iBack iground/ iSocioeconomic istatus
• Family iPractice- iThe iway ithat ipatient’s ifamilies iuse ihealth icare iservices igenerally iaffects itheir
ihealth ipractices.
• Socioeconomic ifactors- isocial iand ipsychosocial ifactors iincrease ithe irisk ifor iillness iand iinfluence
the iway ithat ia iperson idefines iand ireacts ito iillness.
• Cultural iBackground- iinfluences, ibeliefs, ivalues iand icustoms. iIt iinfluences ithe iapproach ito ithe
ihealth icare isystem, ipersonal ihealth ipractices, iand ithe inurse ipatient irelationship.
Models of Health/ Clinical Etc.
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• Clinical iModel- i(absence iof idisease) ithe iabsence iand iillness iby iconspicuous ipresence iof
isigns iand isymptoms iof idisease. iPeople iwho iuse ithe imodel imay inot iseek ipreventative ihealth
iservices ior ithey imay iwait iuntil ithey iare ivery iill ito iseek icare.
Ex iQuestions: iThe inurse iis iteaching iabout iprimary iprevention iand iincludes iwhich ieducational
istatement iin ithe iinstructions? iHealth iteaching iabout ithe irisk ifactors iof iheart idisease ishould ibe
iperformed.
The iclient iwho iwould ibe ileast ilikely ito iparticipate iin ihealth iteaching iactivities iwould ichoose iwhich
imodel? iClinical iModel
• Role iPerformance iModel- iindividual’s iability ito iperform isocial iroles. iIllness iwould ibe ithe
ifailure ito iperform iroles iat ithe ilevel iof iothers iin isociety. i“The iSick iRole”
, • Adaptive iModel- iperson iability ito iadapt ipositively ito isocial, imental, iand iphysiological
ichange. iIllness ioccurs iwhen ithe iperson ifails ito iadapt ior ibecomes imaladaptive ito ithese
ichanges. iEx iSpirituality ican ibe iuseful iin iadapting ito ia idecreased ilevel iof ifunctioning iin iolder
iadults. iOr ia iperson iliving iwith idiabetes ican ibe ihealthy iif ithey ihave iadapted ito ithe idisease iif
inot iaccepted ithen iillness ioccurs.
• Eudaimonistic iModel- iExuberant iWell-Being i/Patients iview iof ihealth ifocusing ion itotal iwell-
being, iemphasizes iconnection ibetween iphysical, isocial, ispiritual iaspects iof ilife iand ithe
ienvironment ithat icontribute ito igoal iattainment iand icreate imeaning. iThis imodel iis ialso imore
icongruent iwith iintegrative imodes iof itherapy.
Healthy People 2020 Over Arching 4 Goals
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• Attain ihigh iquality, ilonger ilives ifree iof ipreventable idiseases, idisability, iinjury iand ipremature
ideath.
• Achieve ihealth iequity, ieliminate idisparities, iand iimprove ithe ihealth iof iall igroups
• Create isocial iand iphysical ienvironments ithat ipromote igood ihealth ifor iall.
• Promote iquality iof ilife, ihealth idevelopment, iand ihealthy ibehaviors iacross iall ilife istages.
Healthy iPeople i2020 iobjectives iprovide ia iframework ifor? iPrevention
i
A inurse iis iteaching iabout ithe igoals iof iHealthy iPeople i2020. iWhich iinformation ishould ithe inurse
include iin ithe iteaching isession? iEliminate iHealth iDisparities iin iAmerica
A inurse iis ifollowing ithe igoals iof iHealthy iPeople i2020 ito iprovide icare. iWhich iaction ishould ithe inurse
itake? iCreate isocial iand iphysical ienvironments ithat ipromote igood ihealth.
Levels of Prevention
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• Primary- iprecedes idisease ior idysfunction. iIncludes ihealth ipromotion isuch ias ihealth ieducation
iabout irisk ifactors ifor iheart idisease iand ispecific iprotection, isuch ias iimmunizations iagainst iHep iB.
iIts ipurpose iis ito idecrease ithe ivulnerability iof ithe iindividual ior ipopulation ito idisease ior
idysfunction.
- Ex. iHealth iEducation, iimmunizations, iprovision iof iadequate ihousing, imarriage icounseling iand
sex ieducation
- Primary iprevention iis iaimed iat ihealth ipromotion iand iincludes ihealth-education iprograms,
iimmunizations, iand iphysical iand inutritional ifitness iactivities. iIt ican ibe iprovided ito ian iindividual
iand iincludes iactivities ithat ifocus ion imaintaining ior iimproving ithe igeneral ihealth iof iindividuals,
ifamilies, iand icommunities. iIt ialso iincludes ispecific iprotection isuch ias iimmunization ifor
iinfluenza.
Ex iQuestion: iThe inurse iis iparticipating iat ia ihealth ifair iat ithe ilocal imall igiving iinfluenza ivaccines
to isenior icitizens. iWhat ilevel iof iprevention iis ithe inurse ipracticing? iPrimary
i i i i i i
Definitions of health, health promotion, illness, disease
i i i i i i
Nurses iRole iin ihealth iand iillness: iUnderstands ithe ichallenges iof itoday’s ihealth icare isystem/ iIdentifies
iactual iand ipotential irisk ifactors/ i Experiences icompassion ifatigue
Health iDefined iin itext-is ia istate iof iphysical, imental, ispiritual, iand isocial ifunctioning ithat irealizes ia
iperson’s ipotential iand iis iexperienced iwithin ithe idevelopment icontext. i Health iis iconsidered ito ibe ipart iof
ithe imetaparadigm ifor inursing, iwhich iincludes ithe ifour icomponents iof iperson, ihealth, ienvironment, iand
inursing. iHealth iencompasses ispiritual, idevelopmental, iand ienvironmental iaspects iover itime.
Health iDefined iby i(WHO) iis imore iconsistent- iThe istate iof icomplete iphysical, imental, iand isocial iwell-
ibeing iand inot imerely ithe iabsence iof idisease iand iinfirmity. iExample: iA iperson iwith idiabetes imaybe
iconsidered ihealthy iif ishe iis iable ito iadapt ito iher iillness iand ilive ia imeaningful, ispiritually isatisfying ilife.
iExample iQuestion: iA istate iof iphysical, imental, ispiritual, iand isocial ifunctioning ithat irealizes ia iperson’s
ipotential iand iis iexperienced iwithin ia idevelopmental icontext iis iknown ias: iHealth
Ex iQuestion: iHealth iis iconsidered ito ibe ia imetaparadigm ifor inursing iand iincludes iwhich iof ithe ifollowing
icomponents? i(select iall ithat iapply) iPerson, iHealth, iEnvironment, iNursing
Health iPromotion- iThe iscience iand iart iof ihelping ipeople ichange itheir ilifestyle ito imove itoward ia istate iof
ioptimal ihealth. iThe iprocess iof iadvocating ihealth ito ienhance ithe iprobability ithat ipersonal i(individual,
ifamily iand icommunity) iprivate i(professional iand ibusiness) iand ipublic i(federal, istate iand ilocal
igovernment) iHealth ipromotion iis ialso iproactive idecision imaking iat iall ilevels iof isociety. iHealth
ipromotion iholds ithe ibest ipromise ifor ilower-cost imethods iof ilimiting ithe iconstant iincrease iin ihealthcare
icosts. iIncreasing ia ipatient’s ilevel iof iwell-being iwithin itheir ienvironment ito ipursue ihealth.
Ex iQuestions: iThe inurse iassesses ia icommunity ifor ievidence iof ihealth-promotion istrategies. iWhich iof ithe
ifollowing iare ihealth-promotion istrategies? iSelf-Care ifor iminor iillness/Environmental ichanges ito ienhance
iclean iair/Supporting iHabitat ifor iHumanity iHouse iConstruction.
Ex iQuestion: iPublic ihealth inurses iare iinvolved iin isupporting iactive ihealth ipromotion istrategies isuch ias:
iParticipating iin ian iindividual idaily iexercise iprogram.
Ex iQuestion: iNurses iin ithe ischool isetting ican iparticipate iin ihealth ipromotion iactivities ithrough icreating
inut-free ischools. iThis iwould iprotect ihypersensitive ichildren ifrom ilife-threatening iallergic ireactions ito
ipeanuts iand iother inut iproducts. iThis itype iof iprogram iis ian iexample iof iwhich iof ithe ifollowing
iinterventions? iPrimary iPrevention iLevel iwhich ialso ities iinto iHealth iPromotion.
Ex iQuestion: iWhich iof ithe ifollowing idemonstrates ia inurse itaking iaction ito ipromote ihealth iand iprevent
idisease? iEducating ia iperson iabout ithe iadvantages iof ia iheart-healthy idiet iduring ia ihome ivisit.
Rationale: iSolutions ifor ihealth ipromotion iare ifocused ion iindividual iand igovernment iinvolvement. iTo
ipromote ihealth iand iwellness, ian iemphasis imust ibe iplaced ion iprimary iprevention. iThis iis ioften irelatedito
iactions isuch ias ieducation ithat iinfluence ilifestyle ichoices. iIn ithe ipreceding iexample, ieducating ia
,person iabout ithe iadvantages iof ia iheart-healthy idiet iduring ia ihome ivisit iserves ito iinfluence ilifestyle
ichoices.
Ex iQuestion: iIn iaddition ito ichanges iin iethnic iand iracial idistribution iwithin ithe ipopulation, iit iis iexpected
ithat ichanges iin distribution iwill iaffect ihealth ipromotion ipractice. iAnswer: iAge
Illness- iis ia istate iin iwhich ia iperson’s iphysical, iemotional, iintellectual, isocial, idevelopmental, ior ispiritual
ifunctioning iis idiminished ior iimpaired. iA iperson ican ihave ia idisease iwithout ifeeling iill iand ia iperson ican
ialso ifeel iill iwithout ihaving ia idiagnosable idisease. iEx iQuestion: iWhich iof ithe ifollowing ibest idescribes ia
iclient iwho ihas ian iillness? iSomeone iwith ia iheadache. iSomeone iwith ia iheadache irepresents ia iperson
iwith ian iillness. iAn iillness iis imade iup iof ithe isubjective iexperience iof ithe iindividual iand ithe iphysical
imanifestation iof idisease. iIt ican ibe idescribed ias ia iresponse icharacterized iby ia imismatch ibetween ia
iperson’s ineeds iand ithe iresources iavailable ito imeet ithose ineeds. iA iperson ican ihave ia idisease iwithout
ifeeling iill. iEx iQuestion: iWhen iillness ioccurs, idifferent iattitudes iabout iit icause ipeople ito ireact iin idifferent
iways. iWhat ido imedical isociologists icall ithis ireaction ito iillness? i Illness ibehavior
Disease- imeans iwithout iease/ ithe ifailure iof ia iperson’s iadaptive imechanisms ito icounteract istimuli iand
istresses iadequately, iresulting iin ifunctional ior istructural idisturbances.
Ex. iQuestion iWhich iof ithe ifollowing iagencies ior iinitiatives ihave ibeen idriving iforces iin i Health iCare
iReform iand ithe iprevention iof iDisease iin isociety? i(select iall ithat iapply)
Healthy iPeople/ iU.S. iDepartment iof iHealth, iEducation iand iWelfare/ iU.S. iDepartment iof iHealth iandiHuman
iServices
Internal and External Variables influencing health beliefs and practices
i i i i i i i i
Internal iVariables- iinclude ia iperson’s idevelopmental istage, iintellectual ibackground, iperception iof
ifunctioning, iand iemotional iand ispiritual ifactors.
Ex iQuestion ifor iInternal iVariables: iA inurse iis iassessing iinternal ivariables ithat iare iaffecting ithe ipatient’s
ihealth istatus. iWhich iarea ishould ithe inurse iassess? iPerception iof iFunctioning.
• Developmental istage- iA iPerson’s ithoughts iand ibehavior ipatterns ichange ithroughout ilife.
iEmotional idevelopment imay ialso iinfluence ipersonal ibeliefs iabout ihealth-related imatters.
• Intellectual iBackground- iA iperson’s ibelief iabout ihealth iare ishaped iin ipart iby ia iperson’s
knowledge, ilack iof iknowledge ior iincorrect iinformation iabout ibody ifunctions iand iillnesses,
ieducational ibackground, iand ipast iexperiences.
• Perception iof ifunctioning- iThe iway ipeople iperceive itheir iphysical ifunctioning iaffects ihealth
ibeliefs iand ipractices. iWhen iaccessing ia ipatient’s ilevel iof ihealth, iyou igather isubjective idata
iabout ithe iway ithe ipatient iperceives iphysical ifunctioning isuch ias ia ilevel iof ifatigue, ishortness iof
ibreath ior ipain. iObjective idata isuch ias iblood ipressure, iheight imeasurements iand ilung isound
iassessments.
• Emotional iFactors- iThe ipatient’s idegree iof istress, idepression ior ifear ican iinfluence ihealth ibelief
and ipractices.
,• Spiritual iFactors- iSpirituality iis ireflected iin ihow ia iperson ilives ihis ior iher ilife, iincluding ithe ivalues
iand ibeliefs iexercised ithe irelationships iestablished iwith ifamily iand ifriends, iand ithe iability ito ifind
ihope iand imeaning iin ilife.
Ex iQuestion: iA inurse iis iassessing iinternal ivariables ithat iare iaffecting ithe ipatient’s ihealth istatus.
Which iarea ishould ithe inurse iassess? iPerception iof iFunctioning
External iVariables- iinfluencing ia iperson’s ihealth ibelief iand ipractices iinclude ifamily ipractices,
isocioeconomic ifactors, iand icultural ibackground.
Ex. iQuestion iA imale ipatient ihas ibeen ilaid ioff ifrom ihis iconstruction ijob iand ihas imany iunpaid ibills. iHeiis
igoing ithrough ia idivorce ifrom ihis imarriage iof i15 iyears iand ihas ibeen iseeing ihis ipastor ito ihelp ihim
ithrough ithis idifficult itime. iHe idoes inot ihave ia iprimary ihealth icare iprovider ibecause ihe ihas inever
ireally ibeen isick, iand ihis iparents inever itook ihim ito ia iphysician iwhen ihe iwas ia ichild. iWhich iexternal
ivariables iinfluence ithe ipatient’s ihealth ipractices? i(Select iall ithat iapply.)
- Difficulty ipaying ibills/ iStress ifrom idivorce iand iloss iof ijob/ iFamily iof inot iroutinely iseeing ia
ihealthcare iprovider ias ia ichild
Ex iQuestion: iThe inurse iis iadmitting ia ipatient iwith iuncontrolled idiabetes imellitus. iIt iis ithe ifourth
itime ithe ipatient iis ibeing iadmitted iin ithe ilast i6 imonths ifor ihigh iblood isugars. iDuring ithe iadmission
iprocess, ithe inurse iasks ithe ipatient iabout iemployment istatus iand idisplays ia inonjudgmental iattitude.
iWhat iis ithe irationale ifor ithe inurse’s iactions?
- A iperson’s icompliance iis iaffected iby ieconomic istatus.
Ex iQuestion: iWhich iareas ishould ithe inurse iassess ito idetermine ithe ieffects iof iexternal ivariables ion ia
ipatient’s iillness? iSocial iSupport/ iCultural iBack iground/ iSocioeconomic istatus
• Family iPractice- iThe iway ithat ipatient’s ifamilies iuse ihealth icare iservices igenerally iaffects itheir
ihealth ipractices.
• Socioeconomic ifactors- isocial iand ipsychosocial ifactors iincrease ithe irisk ifor iillness iand iinfluence
the iway ithat ia iperson idefines iand ireacts ito iillness.
• Cultural iBackground- iinfluences, ibeliefs, ivalues iand icustoms. iIt iinfluences ithe iapproach ito ithe
ihealth icare isystem, ipersonal ihealth ipractices, iand ithe inurse ipatient irelationship.
Models of Health/ Clinical Etc.
i i i i
• Clinical iModel- i(absence iof idisease) ithe iabsence iand iillness iby iconspicuous ipresence iof
isigns iand isymptoms iof idisease. iPeople iwho iuse ithe imodel imay inot iseek ipreventative ihealth
iservices ior ithey imay iwait iuntil ithey iare ivery iill ito iseek icare.
Ex iQuestions: iThe inurse iis iteaching iabout iprimary iprevention iand iincludes iwhich ieducational
istatement iin ithe iinstructions? iHealth iteaching iabout ithe irisk ifactors iof iheart idisease ishould ibe
iperformed.
The iclient iwho iwould ibe ileast ilikely ito iparticipate iin ihealth iteaching iactivities iwould ichoose iwhich
imodel? iClinical iModel
• Role iPerformance iModel- iindividual’s iability ito iperform isocial iroles. iIllness iwould ibe ithe
ifailure ito iperform iroles iat ithe ilevel iof iothers iin isociety. i“The iSick iRole”
, • Adaptive iModel- iperson iability ito iadapt ipositively ito isocial, imental, iand iphysiological
ichange. iIllness ioccurs iwhen ithe iperson ifails ito iadapt ior ibecomes imaladaptive ito ithese
ichanges. iEx iSpirituality ican ibe iuseful iin iadapting ito ia idecreased ilevel iof ifunctioning iin iolder
iadults. iOr ia iperson iliving iwith idiabetes ican ibe ihealthy iif ithey ihave iadapted ito ithe idisease iif
inot iaccepted ithen iillness ioccurs.
• Eudaimonistic iModel- iExuberant iWell-Being i/Patients iview iof ihealth ifocusing ion itotal iwell-
being, iemphasizes iconnection ibetween iphysical, isocial, ispiritual iaspects iof ilife iand ithe
ienvironment ithat icontribute ito igoal iattainment iand icreate imeaning. iThis imodel iis ialso imore
icongruent iwith iintegrative imodes iof itherapy.
Healthy People 2020 Over Arching 4 Goals
i i i i i i
• Attain ihigh iquality, ilonger ilives ifree iof ipreventable idiseases, idisability, iinjury iand ipremature
ideath.
• Achieve ihealth iequity, ieliminate idisparities, iand iimprove ithe ihealth iof iall igroups
• Create isocial iand iphysical ienvironments ithat ipromote igood ihealth ifor iall.
• Promote iquality iof ilife, ihealth idevelopment, iand ihealthy ibehaviors iacross iall ilife istages.
Healthy iPeople i2020 iobjectives iprovide ia iframework ifor? iPrevention
i
A inurse iis iteaching iabout ithe igoals iof iHealthy iPeople i2020. iWhich iinformation ishould ithe inurse
include iin ithe iteaching isession? iEliminate iHealth iDisparities iin iAmerica
A inurse iis ifollowing ithe igoals iof iHealthy iPeople i2020 ito iprovide icare. iWhich iaction ishould ithe inurse
itake? iCreate isocial iand iphysical ienvironments ithat ipromote igood ihealth.
Levels of Prevention
i i
• Primary- iprecedes idisease ior idysfunction. iIncludes ihealth ipromotion isuch ias ihealth ieducation
iabout irisk ifactors ifor iheart idisease iand ispecific iprotection, isuch ias iimmunizations iagainst iHep iB.
iIts ipurpose iis ito idecrease ithe ivulnerability iof ithe iindividual ior ipopulation ito idisease ior
idysfunction.
- Ex. iHealth iEducation, iimmunizations, iprovision iof iadequate ihousing, imarriage icounseling iand
sex ieducation
- Primary iprevention iis iaimed iat ihealth ipromotion iand iincludes ihealth-education iprograms,
iimmunizations, iand iphysical iand inutritional ifitness iactivities. iIt ican ibe iprovided ito ian iindividual
iand iincludes iactivities ithat ifocus ion imaintaining ior iimproving ithe igeneral ihealth iof iindividuals,
ifamilies, iand icommunities. iIt ialso iincludes ispecific iprotection isuch ias iimmunization ifor
iinfluenza.
Ex iQuestion: iThe inurse iis iparticipating iat ia ihealth ifair iat ithe ilocal imall igiving iinfluenza ivaccines
to isenior icitizens. iWhat ilevel iof iprevention iis ithe inurse ipracticing? iPrimary
