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NR 291 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1
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Topics Course Objectives Resources
Bioequivalent, If two medications have the same Chapter 2
Synergistic, Prodrugs, In bioavailability and same concentration of
a steady state active ingredient, they are said to be
bioequivalent (e.g., a brand-name drug and
the same generic drug).
Drug interactions in which the effect of a
combination of two or more drugs with
similar actions is greater than the sum of the
individual effects of the same drugs given
alone. For example, 1 + 1 is greater than 2
(compare with additive effects).
A prodrug is a drug that is inactive in its
administered form and must be metabolized
to its active form in the body, generally by
the liver, to be effective.
The physiologic state in which the amount of
drug removed via elimination is equal to the
amount of drug absorbed with each dose. (p.
29)
Medication given to arm, IM, because some medication are depo Chapter 2
why? drugs.
Drug half-life The time it takes for one half (50%) of the Chapter 2
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as an augmentation tool. Students ARE subject to be tested any
material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and activities within the course. ***
, 2
original amount of a drug to be removed
from the body
A measure of the rate at which a drug is
removed from the body
Most drugs considered to be effectively
removed after about five half-lives
Steady state: physiologic state in which the
amount of drug removed via elimination is
equal to the amount of drug absorbed with
each dose.
Duration of action Study of what happens to a drug from the Chapter 2
time it is put into the body until the parent
drug and all metabolites have left the body
Highly protein bound When an individual is taking two Chapter 2
Not highly protein bound medications that are highly protein bound,
the medications may compete for binding
sites on the albumin molecule. Because of
this competition, there is more free, unbound
drug. If albumin is low, there is no bounding.
Liver failure- Do not give drug to a pt with liver failure Chapter 2
pharmacokinetic phase because it affects the metabolic absorption.
-Absorption
-Distribution
-Metabolism= 1st pass effect
-Excretion
Palliative, maintenance, Acute therapy- ASAP Chapter 2
empiric, supplemental Maintenance therapy- maintenance pt when
they have chronic disease.
Supplemental/replacement therapy- vitamins
Palliative therapy- comfort measures
Supportive therapy- nutrition, physical
Prophylactic therapy- preventative aka.
About to go to surgery, they give antibiotics
Empiric therapy- “Lets try if this will work”,
herbal therapy
Allergic reaction, Teratogenic- meds that can cause birth Chapter 2
mutagenic, idiosyncratic, defects- category X
teratogenic reaction Mutagenic- permanent disturbence in your
genics
Carcinogenic- radiation, viruses, that can
cause cancer
Alergic reaction: rashes, drug of choice epi
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as an augmentation tool. Students ARE subject to be tested any
material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and activities within the course. ***
NR 291 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1
R
e
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
1
:
3
5
:
0
0
Topics Course Objectives Resources
Bioequivalent, If two medications have the same Chapter 2
Synergistic, Prodrugs, In bioavailability and same concentration of
a steady state active ingredient, they are said to be
bioequivalent (e.g., a brand-name drug and
the same generic drug).
Drug interactions in which the effect of a
combination of two or more drugs with
similar actions is greater than the sum of the
individual effects of the same drugs given
alone. For example, 1 + 1 is greater than 2
(compare with additive effects).
A prodrug is a drug that is inactive in its
administered form and must be metabolized
to its active form in the body, generally by
the liver, to be effective.
The physiologic state in which the amount of
drug removed via elimination is equal to the
amount of drug absorbed with each dose. (p.
29)
Medication given to arm, IM, because some medication are depo Chapter 2
why? drugs.
Drug half-life The time it takes for one half (50%) of the Chapter 2
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as an augmentation tool. Students ARE subject to be tested any
material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and activities within the course. ***
, 2
original amount of a drug to be removed
from the body
A measure of the rate at which a drug is
removed from the body
Most drugs considered to be effectively
removed after about five half-lives
Steady state: physiologic state in which the
amount of drug removed via elimination is
equal to the amount of drug absorbed with
each dose.
Duration of action Study of what happens to a drug from the Chapter 2
time it is put into the body until the parent
drug and all metabolites have left the body
Highly protein bound When an individual is taking two Chapter 2
Not highly protein bound medications that are highly protein bound,
the medications may compete for binding
sites on the albumin molecule. Because of
this competition, there is more free, unbound
drug. If albumin is low, there is no bounding.
Liver failure- Do not give drug to a pt with liver failure Chapter 2
pharmacokinetic phase because it affects the metabolic absorption.
-Absorption
-Distribution
-Metabolism= 1st pass effect
-Excretion
Palliative, maintenance, Acute therapy- ASAP Chapter 2
empiric, supplemental Maintenance therapy- maintenance pt when
they have chronic disease.
Supplemental/replacement therapy- vitamins
Palliative therapy- comfort measures
Supportive therapy- nutrition, physical
Prophylactic therapy- preventative aka.
About to go to surgery, they give antibiotics
Empiric therapy- “Lets try if this will work”,
herbal therapy
Allergic reaction, Teratogenic- meds that can cause birth Chapter 2
mutagenic, idiosyncratic, defects- category X
teratogenic reaction Mutagenic- permanent disturbence in your
genics
Carcinogenic- radiation, viruses, that can
cause cancer
Alergic reaction: rashes, drug of choice epi
*** Please note that this is meant to serve as an augmentation tool. Students ARE subject to be tested any
material related to readings, simulations, labs, assignments and activities within the course. ***
