2022 Burns' Pediatric Primary Care 7th edition
Epigastric pain can be from issues in which areas/organs: - Liver, biliary tree,
pancreas, stomach, and duodenum
Periumbilical pain can be caused by issues in which areas/organs: - distal
end of the small intestine, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon
Colonic pain is caused by issues in which area - Lower abdomin
Suprapubic pain is caused by issues in which organs/area? - distal intestine,
urinary tract, pelvic organs,
Common Diagnositc studies for abdominal pain/issues - UA & culture, CBC
w/diff, CMP,BMP, ESR,CRP, Thyroid Panel
Stool= O&P, culture, WBC, pH, reducing substances, fat collection
Pregnancy tests, Urine for gonorrhea, chlamydia and Pap smear/Vaginal
cultures
Common diagnostic studies for GI issues - XR, US, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine
Specialized tests that can be ordered - Duodenal Aspirate, Esophageal pH
probe, Capsule endoscopy, breath hydrogen test, and sweat chloride test
Indications for Duodenal Aspirate - diarrhea from things like giardia,
unintentional weight loss, dyspepsia(reflux/GERD), and abdominal pain
A hydrogen breath test can help diagnose: - IBS, Intestinal Methanogen
overgrowth, rapid small bowel transit time, and possibly esophageal and
gastric cancer in early stages.
,2022 Burns' Pediatric Primary Care 7th edition
Sweat chloride test is used to diagnose: - Cystic Fibrosis. This is usually
done when a patient is having digestive problems, & FTT along with history
of respiratory issues.
Most common reasons for the use of Probiotics - IBS, Infectious diarrhea,
antibiotic associated diarrhea, and colic
What is Colic? - Crying for no apparent reason that lasts > 3 hrs/day and
occurs > 3 days/wk in otherwise healthy infant <3months
Potential causes of vomiting in Newborn or young infants - infectious
process, congenital GI anomaly, CNS abnormality, or newborn errors of
metabolism
Potential causes of vomiting in Infants or young children - Gastroenteritis,
GERD, milk/soy protien allergies, pyloric stenosis or obstructive lesion,
inborn errors of metabolism, intussusception, child abuse, &intracranial
mass
Potential causes of vomiting in older children and adolescents -
Gastroenteritis, systemic illness, CNS (cyclic vomiting syndrome, abdominal
migraine, meningitis, brain tumor), intussusception, rumination, superior
mesenteric artery syndrome, pregnancy
_________ is one of the most common symptoms in childhood. - vomiting
Non-bilious vomiting is generally caused by: - infection, inflammation, and
metabolic, neurologic, or psychological problems.
An ------- -------- generally causes causes bilious vomiting. - obstructive lesion
, 2022 Burns' Pediatric Primary Care 7th edition
Bloody vomit comes from: - active bleeding in the upper GI tract (gastritis,
peptic ulcer disease)
Rumination Syndrome - a condition in which people repeatedly and
unintentionally spit up (regurgitate) undigested or partially digested food
from the stomach, rechew it, and then either reswallow it or spit it out.
Usually seen in infants under 1 year of age.
What is superior mesenteric artery syndrome? - a digestive condition that
occurs when the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) is
compressed between two arteries (the aorta and the superior mesenteric
artery). This compression causes partial or complete blockage of the
duodenum.
Clinical signs of dehydration - Capillary refill >2 seconds, slow rebound on
skin turgor, & tachypnea. Sunken eyes, Dry mucous membranes, presence of
tears, decreased UOP.
Stages of dehydration minimal or none: - <3% loss of body weight,
assessment wnl
Stages of dehydration Mild to Moderate: - 3%-9% loss of body weight,
fatigued or restless, irritable, thirsty eager to drink, eyes slightly sunken,
decreased tears, dry mouth, skin recoil <2sec, prolonged cap refill, cool
extremities, decreased UOP
Stages of dehydration severe: - >9% loss of body weight, lethargic, apathetic,
unconscious, unable to drink, tachycardia, bradycardia in most severe cases,
weak thready or impalpable pulses, deep breathing, deeply sunken eyes,
absent tears, parched mouth, recoil of skin >2 seconds or tenting, prolonged
or minimal cap refill, cold, mottled cyanotic extremities, minimal or no UOP.
Epigastric pain can be from issues in which areas/organs: - Liver, biliary tree,
pancreas, stomach, and duodenum
Periumbilical pain can be caused by issues in which areas/organs: - distal
end of the small intestine, cecum, appendix, and ascending colon
Colonic pain is caused by issues in which area - Lower abdomin
Suprapubic pain is caused by issues in which organs/area? - distal intestine,
urinary tract, pelvic organs,
Common Diagnositc studies for abdominal pain/issues - UA & culture, CBC
w/diff, CMP,BMP, ESR,CRP, Thyroid Panel
Stool= O&P, culture, WBC, pH, reducing substances, fat collection
Pregnancy tests, Urine for gonorrhea, chlamydia and Pap smear/Vaginal
cultures
Common diagnostic studies for GI issues - XR, US, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine
Specialized tests that can be ordered - Duodenal Aspirate, Esophageal pH
probe, Capsule endoscopy, breath hydrogen test, and sweat chloride test
Indications for Duodenal Aspirate - diarrhea from things like giardia,
unintentional weight loss, dyspepsia(reflux/GERD), and abdominal pain
A hydrogen breath test can help diagnose: - IBS, Intestinal Methanogen
overgrowth, rapid small bowel transit time, and possibly esophageal and
gastric cancer in early stages.
,2022 Burns' Pediatric Primary Care 7th edition
Sweat chloride test is used to diagnose: - Cystic Fibrosis. This is usually
done when a patient is having digestive problems, & FTT along with history
of respiratory issues.
Most common reasons for the use of Probiotics - IBS, Infectious diarrhea,
antibiotic associated diarrhea, and colic
What is Colic? - Crying for no apparent reason that lasts > 3 hrs/day and
occurs > 3 days/wk in otherwise healthy infant <3months
Potential causes of vomiting in Newborn or young infants - infectious
process, congenital GI anomaly, CNS abnormality, or newborn errors of
metabolism
Potential causes of vomiting in Infants or young children - Gastroenteritis,
GERD, milk/soy protien allergies, pyloric stenosis or obstructive lesion,
inborn errors of metabolism, intussusception, child abuse, &intracranial
mass
Potential causes of vomiting in older children and adolescents -
Gastroenteritis, systemic illness, CNS (cyclic vomiting syndrome, abdominal
migraine, meningitis, brain tumor), intussusception, rumination, superior
mesenteric artery syndrome, pregnancy
_________ is one of the most common symptoms in childhood. - vomiting
Non-bilious vomiting is generally caused by: - infection, inflammation, and
metabolic, neurologic, or psychological problems.
An ------- -------- generally causes causes bilious vomiting. - obstructive lesion
, 2022 Burns' Pediatric Primary Care 7th edition
Bloody vomit comes from: - active bleeding in the upper GI tract (gastritis,
peptic ulcer disease)
Rumination Syndrome - a condition in which people repeatedly and
unintentionally spit up (regurgitate) undigested or partially digested food
from the stomach, rechew it, and then either reswallow it or spit it out.
Usually seen in infants under 1 year of age.
What is superior mesenteric artery syndrome? - a digestive condition that
occurs when the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) is
compressed between two arteries (the aorta and the superior mesenteric
artery). This compression causes partial or complete blockage of the
duodenum.
Clinical signs of dehydration - Capillary refill >2 seconds, slow rebound on
skin turgor, & tachypnea. Sunken eyes, Dry mucous membranes, presence of
tears, decreased UOP.
Stages of dehydration minimal or none: - <3% loss of body weight,
assessment wnl
Stages of dehydration Mild to Moderate: - 3%-9% loss of body weight,
fatigued or restless, irritable, thirsty eager to drink, eyes slightly sunken,
decreased tears, dry mouth, skin recoil <2sec, prolonged cap refill, cool
extremities, decreased UOP
Stages of dehydration severe: - >9% loss of body weight, lethargic, apathetic,
unconscious, unable to drink, tachycardia, bradycardia in most severe cases,
weak thready or impalpable pulses, deep breathing, deeply sunken eyes,
absent tears, parched mouth, recoil of skin >2 seconds or tenting, prolonged
or minimal cap refill, cold, mottled cyanotic extremities, minimal or no UOP.
