NSG 221 Community Health Concepts Midterm Study Guide
NSG 221 Community Health Concepts
Midterm Study Guide
To help you prepare for the exam, use power points, audios, Knightsburg Activities, IHI Intro to
Population Health, and readings to utilize the following study guide. This is not intended to be
inclusive. Know all key terms (vocabulary words) and objectives for each chapter. I encourage
you to form study groups and use this as a guide for discussion. There will be 26 questions
(worth 50 points) - matching, multiple-choice, & select-all-that-apply.
Module 1: Nies Ch 1
• Define and discuss the focus of public health.
o Health promotion, preventative care, and cost reduction. Nurses in public health have
increased, but in hospitals have declined.
o Often described as the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life,
and promoting health through organized community efforts to benefit each
citizen.
o Mission? Get everyone basic necessities such as healthcare and adequate
income. Collective burdens with this in mind.
o To synthesize nursing practice with public health practice.
o Goal? Preserve health of community and surrounding populations.
o Health is a RESOURCE for every day life, not an OBJECTIVE for living.
▪ Health defined by WHO: the extent to which an individual or group is able, on
the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand,
to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a
resource for everyday life, not the objective of living, it is a positive concept
emphasizing
social and personal resources, and physical capacities
• Discuss determinates of health and indicators of health and illness from a
population perspective.
o Identifying populations at risk rather than
treating illnesses after.
o Determinants of health – health status is
focused on a lot of factors
▪ Healthcare access
▪ Economic conditions (poverty)
▪ Social & environmental issues
(smoking, violence, lead paint, etc)
▪ Cultural practices
o Essential to understand so that we can recognize
how they interact to lead to disease, death,
and disability.
• List the three levels of prevention and give examples of each.
o Primary Prevention – prevents problems before they occur. Health promotion and
protection.
, NSG 221 Community Health Concepts Midterm Study Guide
▪ Primary prevention activities are aimed at preventing a problem
before it occurs, such as holding a nutrition program at a school
cafeteria.
o Secondary Prevention – early detection and intervention or early dx and tx.
▪ Secondary prevention is implemented after a problem occurs
but before signs and symptoms appear. EX: A program to identify
and treat persons exposed to tuberculosis within two weeks of
exposure
o Tertiary Prevention – correct and prevention of deterioration of a diseased space.
Helps limitation of disability and rehab.
▪ Tertiary prevention is aimed at preventing complications or to
keep health problems from getting worse. Alcoholics
Anonymous and an exercise program for stroke victims are
examples of tertiary prevention.
o Spending money on a cure DOES NOT improve the health of a population.
Spending money on prevention DOES.
o Applied to individual, family, group, or community.
• Explain the differences between public/community health nursing practice and
community- based nursing practice
o Public Health nursing practice – uses strategies from nursing, social, and public
health sciences to promote/protect health of populations.
▪ Practice is a systematic process for evaluating/implementing knowledge
▪ Results used to promote health/prevent disease
▪ Responsibility – population as a whole.
o Community Health Nursing Practice – synthesis of nursing practice and public health to
promote/preserve the health of populations.
▪ General/comprehensive care, NOT EPISODIC.
▪ Holistic approach to management of healthcare
▪ Responsibility to population as a whole, but care is focused on individuals
and groups.
o Community-Based Nursing Practice – focus on individuals and families where they live
and work. Care is setting specific and focused on chronic and acute care. (ex: home
health nursing, outpatient nursing, or ambulatory setting)
o Population-focused nursing – focuses on entire population. Assess health status of
population, consider broad health determinates, all levels of prevention, and
intervenes in community systems, individuals, and families.
▪ Concentrates on specific groups of people and focuses on health promotion
and disease prevention, regardless of geographic location
• Describe the purpose of Healthy People 2020 and give examples of the topic areas
that encompass the national health objectives.
o Goal 1: increase quality and years of healthy life
o Goal 2: eliminate health disparities
o HP2020 has focus areas divided into objectives, which guide health promotion
activities and can be used to aid in community-wide initiatives.
▪ Access to health services
▪ Preventative health services
▪ Environmental quality
NSG 221 Community Health Concepts
Midterm Study Guide
To help you prepare for the exam, use power points, audios, Knightsburg Activities, IHI Intro to
Population Health, and readings to utilize the following study guide. This is not intended to be
inclusive. Know all key terms (vocabulary words) and objectives for each chapter. I encourage
you to form study groups and use this as a guide for discussion. There will be 26 questions
(worth 50 points) - matching, multiple-choice, & select-all-that-apply.
Module 1: Nies Ch 1
• Define and discuss the focus of public health.
o Health promotion, preventative care, and cost reduction. Nurses in public health have
increased, but in hospitals have declined.
o Often described as the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life,
and promoting health through organized community efforts to benefit each
citizen.
o Mission? Get everyone basic necessities such as healthcare and adequate
income. Collective burdens with this in mind.
o To synthesize nursing practice with public health practice.
o Goal? Preserve health of community and surrounding populations.
o Health is a RESOURCE for every day life, not an OBJECTIVE for living.
▪ Health defined by WHO: the extent to which an individual or group is able, on
the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand,
to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a
resource for everyday life, not the objective of living, it is a positive concept
emphasizing
social and personal resources, and physical capacities
• Discuss determinates of health and indicators of health and illness from a
population perspective.
o Identifying populations at risk rather than
treating illnesses after.
o Determinants of health – health status is
focused on a lot of factors
▪ Healthcare access
▪ Economic conditions (poverty)
▪ Social & environmental issues
(smoking, violence, lead paint, etc)
▪ Cultural practices
o Essential to understand so that we can recognize
how they interact to lead to disease, death,
and disability.
• List the three levels of prevention and give examples of each.
o Primary Prevention – prevents problems before they occur. Health promotion and
protection.
, NSG 221 Community Health Concepts Midterm Study Guide
▪ Primary prevention activities are aimed at preventing a problem
before it occurs, such as holding a nutrition program at a school
cafeteria.
o Secondary Prevention – early detection and intervention or early dx and tx.
▪ Secondary prevention is implemented after a problem occurs
but before signs and symptoms appear. EX: A program to identify
and treat persons exposed to tuberculosis within two weeks of
exposure
o Tertiary Prevention – correct and prevention of deterioration of a diseased space.
Helps limitation of disability and rehab.
▪ Tertiary prevention is aimed at preventing complications or to
keep health problems from getting worse. Alcoholics
Anonymous and an exercise program for stroke victims are
examples of tertiary prevention.
o Spending money on a cure DOES NOT improve the health of a population.
Spending money on prevention DOES.
o Applied to individual, family, group, or community.
• Explain the differences between public/community health nursing practice and
community- based nursing practice
o Public Health nursing practice – uses strategies from nursing, social, and public
health sciences to promote/protect health of populations.
▪ Practice is a systematic process for evaluating/implementing knowledge
▪ Results used to promote health/prevent disease
▪ Responsibility – population as a whole.
o Community Health Nursing Practice – synthesis of nursing practice and public health to
promote/preserve the health of populations.
▪ General/comprehensive care, NOT EPISODIC.
▪ Holistic approach to management of healthcare
▪ Responsibility to population as a whole, but care is focused on individuals
and groups.
o Community-Based Nursing Practice – focus on individuals and families where they live
and work. Care is setting specific and focused on chronic and acute care. (ex: home
health nursing, outpatient nursing, or ambulatory setting)
o Population-focused nursing – focuses on entire population. Assess health status of
population, consider broad health determinates, all levels of prevention, and
intervenes in community systems, individuals, and families.
▪ Concentrates on specific groups of people and focuses on health promotion
and disease prevention, regardless of geographic location
• Describe the purpose of Healthy People 2020 and give examples of the topic areas
that encompass the national health objectives.
o Goal 1: increase quality and years of healthy life
o Goal 2: eliminate health disparities
o HP2020 has focus areas divided into objectives, which guide health promotion
activities and can be used to aid in community-wide initiatives.
▪ Access to health services
▪ Preventative health services
▪ Environmental quality
