NR 222 Health and Wellness Study Guide Exam 1
NR 222 Health and Wellness Study
Guide Exam 1
Nursing responds to the health care needs of society, which are influenced by economic, social and
cultural factors
• American Nursing Association (ANA) definition:
o Nursing is “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention
of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human
response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations”
• International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition:
o Nursing “encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages,
families, groups and communities, sick or well, and in all settings
o Nursing includes the promotion of health; prevention of illness; and the care of ill,
disables and dying people
**Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient
and health systems management, and the education are key nursing roles
Trends in nursing: evidence base practice, nursing shortage etc.
Changes in society, such as health care reform, changing demographic patterns, increases in the medically
underserved population, and increased consumerism, affect the practice of nursing
• Evidence-Based Practice integrates best current evidence with clinical expertise and
patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care.
o * Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods
o * Appreciate strengths and weaknesses of scientific bases for practice
o * Appreciate the importance of regularly reading relevant journals.
• Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) addresses the challenge to prepare nurses with
the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work environments
o The QSEN initiative encompasses the competencies of patient-centered care, teamwork
and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.
• Impact of Emerging Technologies
o Computerized physician/provider order entry (CPOE) is a critical patient safety initiative
• Genomics: study of all the genes in a person and interaction of these genes with one another
and with the person's environment.
o allows health care providers to determine how genomic changes contribute to
patient conditions and influence treatment decisions
▪ For example, when a family member has colon cancer before the age of 50, it is
likely that other family members are at risk for developing this cancer
• Public Perception of Nursing
• Impact of Nursing on Politics and Health Policy
o Professional nursing organizations and state nursing boards employ lobbyists to urge
state legislatures and the US Congress to pass legislation that will improve the quality of
health care
, NR 222 Health and Wellness Study Guide Exam 1
Roles of the Nurse
• Advocate: protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting
these rights if the need arises
o Example: You provide additional information to help a patient decide whether to accept a
treatment, or you find an interpreter to help family members communicate their concerns
• Care manager
o Coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has personnel, policy and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or agency
• Deliverer of services
o Delivery of direct services such as health education, flu shots, counseling and
health promotion
o Visible and direct delivery = foundation of public image of nursing
• Educator
o Explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities,
demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient
behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning
• Healer
o incorporate the specific insight into a care plan that helps that person develop his or her
own capacity to heal
• Researcher
o conducts evidence-based practice and research to improve nursing care and further
define and expand the scope of nursing practice; preferred educational requirement is a
doctoral degree, with at least a master’s degree in nursing
Role of Florence Nightingale. Her impact on Nursing
• Founder of modern nursing
• First practicing nurse epidemiologist
• Established sanitary nursing care units (connected sanitation with cholera and dysentery)
• Began professional education of nursing
• Known as “Lady with the Lamp”
Significance of:
• Clara Barton
o Founder of American Red Cross
o Cared for soldiers on the battlefields, cleansing their wounds, meeting their basic needs
and comforting them at the end of life
• Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
o Opened the Henry Street Settlement, focusing on the health needs of the poor
• Mary Adelaide Nutting
o Become the first nursing professor at Columbia Teachers College in 1901; was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities
• Mary Mahoney
o First professionally educated African American nurse
o Concerned with relationships between cultures and races; she brought forth an awareness
of cultural diversity and respect for an individual regardless of background race, color or
religion
NR 222 Health and Wellness Study
Guide Exam 1
Nursing responds to the health care needs of society, which are influenced by economic, social and
cultural factors
• American Nursing Association (ANA) definition:
o Nursing is “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention
of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human
response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations”
• International Council of Nurses (ICN) definition:
o Nursing “encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages,
families, groups and communities, sick or well, and in all settings
o Nursing includes the promotion of health; prevention of illness; and the care of ill,
disables and dying people
**Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient
and health systems management, and the education are key nursing roles
Trends in nursing: evidence base practice, nursing shortage etc.
Changes in society, such as health care reform, changing demographic patterns, increases in the medically
underserved population, and increased consumerism, affect the practice of nursing
• Evidence-Based Practice integrates best current evidence with clinical expertise and
patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care.
o * Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods
o * Appreciate strengths and weaknesses of scientific bases for practice
o * Appreciate the importance of regularly reading relevant journals.
• Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) addresses the challenge to prepare nurses with
the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work environments
o The QSEN initiative encompasses the competencies of patient-centered care, teamwork
and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.
• Impact of Emerging Technologies
o Computerized physician/provider order entry (CPOE) is a critical patient safety initiative
• Genomics: study of all the genes in a person and interaction of these genes with one another
and with the person's environment.
o allows health care providers to determine how genomic changes contribute to
patient conditions and influence treatment decisions
▪ For example, when a family member has colon cancer before the age of 50, it is
likely that other family members are at risk for developing this cancer
• Public Perception of Nursing
• Impact of Nursing on Politics and Health Policy
o Professional nursing organizations and state nursing boards employ lobbyists to urge
state legislatures and the US Congress to pass legislation that will improve the quality of
health care
, NR 222 Health and Wellness Study Guide Exam 1
Roles of the Nurse
• Advocate: protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting
these rights if the need arises
o Example: You provide additional information to help a patient decide whether to accept a
treatment, or you find an interpreter to help family members communicate their concerns
• Care manager
o Coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and
has personnel, policy and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or agency
• Deliverer of services
o Delivery of direct services such as health education, flu shots, counseling and
health promotion
o Visible and direct delivery = foundation of public image of nursing
• Educator
o Explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities,
demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient
behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in learning
• Healer
o incorporate the specific insight into a care plan that helps that person develop his or her
own capacity to heal
• Researcher
o conducts evidence-based practice and research to improve nursing care and further
define and expand the scope of nursing practice; preferred educational requirement is a
doctoral degree, with at least a master’s degree in nursing
Role of Florence Nightingale. Her impact on Nursing
• Founder of modern nursing
• First practicing nurse epidemiologist
• Established sanitary nursing care units (connected sanitation with cholera and dysentery)
• Began professional education of nursing
• Known as “Lady with the Lamp”
Significance of:
• Clara Barton
o Founder of American Red Cross
o Cared for soldiers on the battlefields, cleansing their wounds, meeting their basic needs
and comforting them at the end of life
• Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
o Opened the Henry Street Settlement, focusing on the health needs of the poor
• Mary Adelaide Nutting
o Become the first nursing professor at Columbia Teachers College in 1901; was
instrumental in moving nursing education into universities
• Mary Mahoney
o First professionally educated African American nurse
o Concerned with relationships between cultures and races; she brought forth an awareness
of cultural diversity and respect for an individual regardless of background race, color or
religion
