Notes
Emma Muirhead (OT)
Sacha Armstrong (Physio)
Claire Thomson (OT)
Note:
These notes are made from the lecture slides and prescribed textbook (Tortora). All three of us who
contributed passed both HUB1019F and HUB1020S with over 90%, and so we are quite confident that they
cover most of the information that is necessary to pass these courses. However, new things can be added
to the syllabus so we would not recommend solely relying on these notes.
We put many hours into these, and hope that they can be of great use to you. We would advise using these
notes as a supplement to your lectures. Not having to write down notes in every lecture is helpful, as it
eliminates stress and allows you to understand the work better as you are covering it.
We wish you all the best for your first year!
INDEX
Anatomical Foundations Pg 2
Neck, Back & Brachial Plexus Anatomy Pg 21
Shoulder Anatomy Pg 42
Upper Arm & Elbow Anatomy Pg 62
Forearm Anatomy Pg 93
Hand Anatomy Pg 107
Homeostasis (physiology) Pg 120
Cellular Physiology Pg 133
Cartilage, Ligament & Tendon Physiology Pg 169
Bone Physiology Pg 188
1
,Levels of structural organisation:
1. Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. System level
6. Organism level
PLANES OF REFERENCE
Sagittal – divides body in half
Coronal – divides body into front and back
Transverse – divides body into upper and lower parts
DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Proximal – close to midline -proximal & distal: only with moveable appendages
Distal – away from midline
Anterior – Front
Posterior – Back
Superior – above
Inferior – below
Medial – towards midline
Lateral – away from midline
Dorsal – backside/bony side up
Ventral
Caudal
Cranial
Palmar – underside/palm of hand
2
,REGIONS OF THE BODY – often correlate with the skeleton
LATIN PREPOSITIONS
A, Ab Away Abduction
Ad Toward Adduction
E, Ex Out Extend
Infra Below Infraorbital
Inter Between Interosseous
Intra Within
Post Before
Sub Under Subclavian Vein
Supra Over/above Supra orbital ridge
Peri Around
Epi Above Epicondyles
TERMINOLOGY
Superficial and deep: relative to the surface of the body
SURFACE LAYERS OF THE BODY
- Skin/ Epidermis
- Superficial fascia
- Deep fascia
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
- Loose fatty, connective tissue underlying the dermis and binding it to the parts beneath
- Sensory nerves for the skin
- Veins & Arteries, fine lymph vessels
- Varies in thickness
3
, DEEP FASCIA
- Dense, fibrous connective tissue which surrounds individual muscles, divides groups of muscles into
fascial compartments
- Covers muscles of a limb like a glove
- Varies in thickness
- Attaches to bone when it becomes superficial
- Intermuscular septa: runs between muscles
- At wrist and ankle deep: thickened -> retinacula (thick fibrous bands that hold groups of tendons
close to the underlying bones)
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- Supply oxygen and nutrients
- Arteries: oxygenated blood pumped to the tissues
- Veins: Deoxygenated blood returned to heart
- Mirroring effect
NERVOUS SYSTEM
- Immune system
- Lymph: white blood cells
- Network of vessels that drain lymph from body
- Remove toxins, waste and other unwanted chemicals from the body
Extra Notes:
SUPINE POSITION PRONE POSITION
4
Emma Muirhead (OT)
Sacha Armstrong (Physio)
Claire Thomson (OT)
Note:
These notes are made from the lecture slides and prescribed textbook (Tortora). All three of us who
contributed passed both HUB1019F and HUB1020S with over 90%, and so we are quite confident that they
cover most of the information that is necessary to pass these courses. However, new things can be added
to the syllabus so we would not recommend solely relying on these notes.
We put many hours into these, and hope that they can be of great use to you. We would advise using these
notes as a supplement to your lectures. Not having to write down notes in every lecture is helpful, as it
eliminates stress and allows you to understand the work better as you are covering it.
We wish you all the best for your first year!
INDEX
Anatomical Foundations Pg 2
Neck, Back & Brachial Plexus Anatomy Pg 21
Shoulder Anatomy Pg 42
Upper Arm & Elbow Anatomy Pg 62
Forearm Anatomy Pg 93
Hand Anatomy Pg 107
Homeostasis (physiology) Pg 120
Cellular Physiology Pg 133
Cartilage, Ligament & Tendon Physiology Pg 169
Bone Physiology Pg 188
1
,Levels of structural organisation:
1. Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. System level
6. Organism level
PLANES OF REFERENCE
Sagittal – divides body in half
Coronal – divides body into front and back
Transverse – divides body into upper and lower parts
DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Proximal – close to midline -proximal & distal: only with moveable appendages
Distal – away from midline
Anterior – Front
Posterior – Back
Superior – above
Inferior – below
Medial – towards midline
Lateral – away from midline
Dorsal – backside/bony side up
Ventral
Caudal
Cranial
Palmar – underside/palm of hand
2
,REGIONS OF THE BODY – often correlate with the skeleton
LATIN PREPOSITIONS
A, Ab Away Abduction
Ad Toward Adduction
E, Ex Out Extend
Infra Below Infraorbital
Inter Between Interosseous
Intra Within
Post Before
Sub Under Subclavian Vein
Supra Over/above Supra orbital ridge
Peri Around
Epi Above Epicondyles
TERMINOLOGY
Superficial and deep: relative to the surface of the body
SURFACE LAYERS OF THE BODY
- Skin/ Epidermis
- Superficial fascia
- Deep fascia
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
- Loose fatty, connective tissue underlying the dermis and binding it to the parts beneath
- Sensory nerves for the skin
- Veins & Arteries, fine lymph vessels
- Varies in thickness
3
, DEEP FASCIA
- Dense, fibrous connective tissue which surrounds individual muscles, divides groups of muscles into
fascial compartments
- Covers muscles of a limb like a glove
- Varies in thickness
- Attaches to bone when it becomes superficial
- Intermuscular septa: runs between muscles
- At wrist and ankle deep: thickened -> retinacula (thick fibrous bands that hold groups of tendons
close to the underlying bones)
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- Supply oxygen and nutrients
- Arteries: oxygenated blood pumped to the tissues
- Veins: Deoxygenated blood returned to heart
- Mirroring effect
NERVOUS SYSTEM
- Immune system
- Lymph: white blood cells
- Network of vessels that drain lymph from body
- Remove toxins, waste and other unwanted chemicals from the body
Extra Notes:
SUPINE POSITION PRONE POSITION
4
