NUR3031 NUR 3031 Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Completed and Graded A

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NUR 3031 Pathophysiology Final Exam
Review


Pathophysiology (Nova Southeastern University)

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Pathophysiology Final Exam
Review
Endocrine disorders
• Affects many aspects of body functions
o Growth and development
o Energy metabolism
o Muscle and adipose tissue distribution
o Sexual development
o Fluid and electrolyte balance
o Inflammation and immune responses
• diseases involving the endocrine system present with hypofunction or hyperfunction
o primary or secondary disorder
 primary: target gland producing hormone
 secondary: target gland is functioning but something is wrong with the
pituitary system that affects the signal
 tertiary: from the hypothalamus
o hypo-congenital, decreased function, neoplastic growth, aging, disease
o hyper- usually as a result of excessive hormone production
 increased hyperplasia of tumor
• paraneoplastic syndrome – tumors can start producing hormones
• metaplastic lung cancer
When a hormone is released in circulation in the blood to produce a biological effect on distant
target cells

hypo means low function
hyper means high function

Primary disorders
 originate in the target gland responsible for producing the hormone
Secondary disorder
 the target gland is essentially normal, but its function is altered by defective levels of
stimulating hormones or releasing factors from the pituitary system

General aspects of altered endocrine function
 processes that disturb the normal function of the endocrine system ->
o impaired or uncontrolled synthesis or release of hormones

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o altered interaction between hormones and their target tissues
 something is wrong with the signal
o abnormal responses of the target tissues to their hormones
Process in which there is normal function of the endocrine function that gets impaired

General Dysfunction
 hypofunction – under function
o congenital defects
o gland destroyed by
 disruption of blood flow
• example: overinflation of trache cuff
 inflammation
 autoimmune response
 neoplastic growth
• cancer or tumor
 hyperfunction
o associated with excess hormone production
 excessive stimulation
 hyperplasia of gland
• grows in size, shape and number
 hormone producing tumor
 administration of exogenous hormones
• Artificial hormones or not coming from where they are supposed
to come

Hormone Disorders
• tertiary
o Abnormality in stimulation from the hypothalamus
• Secondary
o Abnormality in stimulation from the pituitary
• Primary
o Abnormality in the gland

Negative feedback: normal when they have enough they say stop

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Disorders of the pituitary
Anterior pituitary function
• Produces
o Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
 Anterior lobe of the pituitary
 Controls the release of cortisol from the adrenal
o Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH)
 Thyroid gland
o Growth hormone (GH)
o Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
 Fertility
o Luteinizing hormone (LH)
 Sex hormone
o Prolactin
 Milk production




Hypothalamus-pituitary axis