During this lecture we will discuss:
1- the pattern of reversable and irreversible cell injuries
2- morphologic changes
3- patterns of necrosis
CELL INJURY : GENERAL VIEW
Happens when the cell is unable to adapt to the stimulus and if the stimulus is removed
the cell can go back to its normal condition, they are non-functional cells, because
structural alterations happen.
As in the picture below, you can see that the
injured cell is swollen and you can see that
plasma membrane is still intact but it’s blebbing,
which can mimic the shape of the micro villi, and
notice that mitochondria and ER are swollen,
with the appearance of micro-densities in
addition to the accumulation of injured
phospholipids which is called “Myelin figure”
and this is reversible cell injury.
If that cell is exposed to a higher stress, then
it develops to an irreversible injury which
leads to necrotic death of the cell.
Hallmarks of necrotic death of a cell
1- The rupture of the plasma membrane
(the main hallmark)
HAMZA
2- Inflammatory cells arrive toABUFARASAKH
clear the necrotic cells and prepare for the
tissue reparation
OLA NAWAFLEH
MANAR HAJEER
, Some Notes:
1)those Morphologic changes (the change in the cell’s shape)
takes some time to appear
2) A- Necrosis: the type of cell death that result from a
pathologic cause NOT physiologic.
B- Apoptosis (will be discussed later): the other type of cell
death that is programmed and controlled, OFTEN it’s because of
a physiological reason, BUT NOT ALWAYS ( it can be pathologic).
Irreversible cell injury = cell death caused by Necrosis
REVERSABLE INJURY:
Which means that when the cell is exposed to a certain stress it can get back to its
normal state when the stress is removed.
Its Hallmarks
1- the cell and the organelles are swollen but not really damaged
2- The plasma membrane is still intact
3- The nucleus hasn’t really changed that much
Note: in Both reversible and irreversible injuries the cell is malfunctioning (loses its
function), but in a reversable injury the cell is still alive whereas in the irreversible it
is dead.
Morphologic changes
Changes are present in both the light microscope image and electron microscope
images (which shows ultra-structural alterations), those morphologic changes are
mainly cell swelling and fatty change.
1- the pattern of reversable and irreversible cell injuries
2- morphologic changes
3- patterns of necrosis
CELL INJURY : GENERAL VIEW
Happens when the cell is unable to adapt to the stimulus and if the stimulus is removed
the cell can go back to its normal condition, they are non-functional cells, because
structural alterations happen.
As in the picture below, you can see that the
injured cell is swollen and you can see that
plasma membrane is still intact but it’s blebbing,
which can mimic the shape of the micro villi, and
notice that mitochondria and ER are swollen,
with the appearance of micro-densities in
addition to the accumulation of injured
phospholipids which is called “Myelin figure”
and this is reversible cell injury.
If that cell is exposed to a higher stress, then
it develops to an irreversible injury which
leads to necrotic death of the cell.
Hallmarks of necrotic death of a cell
1- The rupture of the plasma membrane
(the main hallmark)
HAMZA
2- Inflammatory cells arrive toABUFARASAKH
clear the necrotic cells and prepare for the
tissue reparation
OLA NAWAFLEH
MANAR HAJEER
, Some Notes:
1)those Morphologic changes (the change in the cell’s shape)
takes some time to appear
2) A- Necrosis: the type of cell death that result from a
pathologic cause NOT physiologic.
B- Apoptosis (will be discussed later): the other type of cell
death that is programmed and controlled, OFTEN it’s because of
a physiological reason, BUT NOT ALWAYS ( it can be pathologic).
Irreversible cell injury = cell death caused by Necrosis
REVERSABLE INJURY:
Which means that when the cell is exposed to a certain stress it can get back to its
normal state when the stress is removed.
Its Hallmarks
1- the cell and the organelles are swollen but not really damaged
2- The plasma membrane is still intact
3- The nucleus hasn’t really changed that much
Note: in Both reversible and irreversible injuries the cell is malfunctioning (loses its
function), but in a reversable injury the cell is still alive whereas in the irreversible it
is dead.
Morphologic changes
Changes are present in both the light microscope image and electron microscope
images (which shows ultra-structural alterations), those morphologic changes are
mainly cell swelling and fatty change.
