NRS 305 exam 1
1. What were the five eras that have traditionally been used to outline the evolution of
the present-day state of wildlife conservation and management in the US? - i. Era of
Abundance (1500—1849)
ii. Era of Overexploitation (1850—1899)
iii. Era of Protection (1900—1929)
iv. Era of Game Management (1930—1965)
v. Era of Environmental Management (1966—present)
b. What role did the transcontinental railroad play in the history of wildlife
ecology/management? - i. The railroad made it easier to get to get to the frontier and
refrigerated cars encouraged commercial hunting
c. What was the main driving force behind the precipitous decline of bison? - 1. The
invention of the railroad leading to unnecessary amounts of hunting
ii. What saved the buffalo from extinction? - 1. At the end of the 19th century there were
only 300 left in the wild and Congress finally took action, outlawing the killing of any
birds or animals in Yellowstone National Park, where the only surviving buffalo herd
could be protected
d. What was the main driving force behind the precipitous decline of beaver? - 1. Their
hides were used for hats
ii. What saved the beavers from extinction? - 1. Silk hats became popular
e. What was the main driving force behind the precipitous decline of Snowy Egrets and
Great Egrets? - 1. Their feathers and/or bodies would be used to make plumes or hats
ii. What saved the Egrets from extinction? - 1. a negative stigma was put on wearing
these plumes because people started caring about how birds were dying off and being
killed just for hats
f. What role did restaurants play in the precipitous decline of many species of wildlife? -
i. For a long time there was no rules on the killing of animals for market meat so birds
and deer were being killed unsustainably and with out caution or thought. No one cared
where the meat was coming from or what it was doing to the environment. Luckily now
there are laws about killing certain animals and the transport of animal parts over
boarder lines.
g. What role did utilitarianism and fear play in the history of wildlife management/history
in the US? - i. In America there was this belief that the wild had to be tamed so forests
were knocked down and animals were killed and used because humans could have
, power over it. There was a lot of fear towards the wildlife too so bears, wolves, sharks
and many other predators were also killed to try to protect themselves.
2. What does the Lacey Act prohibit, what was the original intent of the Act, and what
major coverage was added later? - a. Under the Lacey Act, it is unlawful to import,
export, sell, acquire, or purchase fish, wildlife or plants that are taken, possessed,
transported, or sold: 1) in violation of U.S. or Indian law, or 2) in interstate or foreign
commerce involving any fish, wildlife, or plants taken possessed or sold in violation of
State or foreign law.
c. In 2008, the Lacey Act was amended to include a wider variety of prohibited plants
and plant products, including products made from illegally logged woods, for import.
Today it regulates the import of any species protected by international or domestic law
and prevents the spread of invasive, or non-native, species.
what was the first federal law protecting wild life - lacey act
3. What does the Migratory Bird Treaty Act prohibit, what was the original intent of the
act, and in what way is it a treaty? - a. Establishment of a Federal prohibition, unless
permitted by regulations, to "pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, attempt to take, capture or
kill, possess, offer for sale, sell, offer to purchase, purchase, deliver for shipment, ship,
cause to be shipped, deliver for transportation, transport, cause to be transported, carry,
or cause to be carried by any means whatever, receive for shipment, transportation or
carriage, or export, at any time, or in any manner, any migratory bird, included in the
terms of this Convention . . . for the protection of migratory birds . . . or any part, nest, or
egg of any such bird."
b. It is a treaty because its amendments were signed on to by U.S. and Mexico, the U.S.
and Japan, and the U.S. and the Soviet Union (now Russia)
4. What role did Teddy Roosevelt play in the conservation of wildlife in the US? - a.
Teddy Roosevelt Expanded federal protected/public lands, US Forest Service and
National Wildlife Refuge system
What role did John Muir play in conservation? - b. John Muir and his advocacy for
national parks and Organized NGOs (Audubon Society, Sierra Club- environmental
group that fought for environmental laws and parks). Founding father of national parks.
A writer
5. Most of the federal public land is located in which part of the US? How did it get to be
this way? - a. The west because there was the least amount of people there, many of
the areas did not want to be lived in anyways and the east was already too settled and
packed with humans to establish public land by the time they were doing it.
6. Most of the federal public land is administered by two agencies—which are they, and
what US departments are they in? - a. BLM (Bureau of Land Management)
i. United States Department of the Interior
b. National Forest Service (NSF)
1. What were the five eras that have traditionally been used to outline the evolution of
the present-day state of wildlife conservation and management in the US? - i. Era of
Abundance (1500—1849)
ii. Era of Overexploitation (1850—1899)
iii. Era of Protection (1900—1929)
iv. Era of Game Management (1930—1965)
v. Era of Environmental Management (1966—present)
b. What role did the transcontinental railroad play in the history of wildlife
ecology/management? - i. The railroad made it easier to get to get to the frontier and
refrigerated cars encouraged commercial hunting
c. What was the main driving force behind the precipitous decline of bison? - 1. The
invention of the railroad leading to unnecessary amounts of hunting
ii. What saved the buffalo from extinction? - 1. At the end of the 19th century there were
only 300 left in the wild and Congress finally took action, outlawing the killing of any
birds or animals in Yellowstone National Park, where the only surviving buffalo herd
could be protected
d. What was the main driving force behind the precipitous decline of beaver? - 1. Their
hides were used for hats
ii. What saved the beavers from extinction? - 1. Silk hats became popular
e. What was the main driving force behind the precipitous decline of Snowy Egrets and
Great Egrets? - 1. Their feathers and/or bodies would be used to make plumes or hats
ii. What saved the Egrets from extinction? - 1. a negative stigma was put on wearing
these plumes because people started caring about how birds were dying off and being
killed just for hats
f. What role did restaurants play in the precipitous decline of many species of wildlife? -
i. For a long time there was no rules on the killing of animals for market meat so birds
and deer were being killed unsustainably and with out caution or thought. No one cared
where the meat was coming from or what it was doing to the environment. Luckily now
there are laws about killing certain animals and the transport of animal parts over
boarder lines.
g. What role did utilitarianism and fear play in the history of wildlife management/history
in the US? - i. In America there was this belief that the wild had to be tamed so forests
were knocked down and animals were killed and used because humans could have
, power over it. There was a lot of fear towards the wildlife too so bears, wolves, sharks
and many other predators were also killed to try to protect themselves.
2. What does the Lacey Act prohibit, what was the original intent of the Act, and what
major coverage was added later? - a. Under the Lacey Act, it is unlawful to import,
export, sell, acquire, or purchase fish, wildlife or plants that are taken, possessed,
transported, or sold: 1) in violation of U.S. or Indian law, or 2) in interstate or foreign
commerce involving any fish, wildlife, or plants taken possessed or sold in violation of
State or foreign law.
c. In 2008, the Lacey Act was amended to include a wider variety of prohibited plants
and plant products, including products made from illegally logged woods, for import.
Today it regulates the import of any species protected by international or domestic law
and prevents the spread of invasive, or non-native, species.
what was the first federal law protecting wild life - lacey act
3. What does the Migratory Bird Treaty Act prohibit, what was the original intent of the
act, and in what way is it a treaty? - a. Establishment of a Federal prohibition, unless
permitted by regulations, to "pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, attempt to take, capture or
kill, possess, offer for sale, sell, offer to purchase, purchase, deliver for shipment, ship,
cause to be shipped, deliver for transportation, transport, cause to be transported, carry,
or cause to be carried by any means whatever, receive for shipment, transportation or
carriage, or export, at any time, or in any manner, any migratory bird, included in the
terms of this Convention . . . for the protection of migratory birds . . . or any part, nest, or
egg of any such bird."
b. It is a treaty because its amendments were signed on to by U.S. and Mexico, the U.S.
and Japan, and the U.S. and the Soviet Union (now Russia)
4. What role did Teddy Roosevelt play in the conservation of wildlife in the US? - a.
Teddy Roosevelt Expanded federal protected/public lands, US Forest Service and
National Wildlife Refuge system
What role did John Muir play in conservation? - b. John Muir and his advocacy for
national parks and Organized NGOs (Audubon Society, Sierra Club- environmental
group that fought for environmental laws and parks). Founding father of national parks.
A writer
5. Most of the federal public land is located in which part of the US? How did it get to be
this way? - a. The west because there was the least amount of people there, many of
the areas did not want to be lived in anyways and the east was already too settled and
packed with humans to establish public land by the time they were doing it.
6. Most of the federal public land is administered by two agencies—which are they, and
what US departments are they in? - a. BLM (Bureau of Land Management)
i. United States Department of the Interior
b. National Forest Service (NSF)
