AGNP Board exam – EENT Assessment
1. Question:
Ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus reveals small, rounded, slightly irregular
red spots embedded in the retina. These findings are consistent with:
superficial retinal hemorrhages.
preretinal hemorrhages.
microaneurysms.
deep retinal hemorrhages. Correct
Explanation:
Deep retinal hemorrhages appear as small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots and are
sometimes called dot or blot hemorrhages. They occur in a deeper layer of the retina
than flame-shaped hemorrhages. Diabetes is a common cause. Superficial retinal
hemorrhages appear as small, linear, flame-shaped, red streaks in the fundi and are
seen in hypertension, papilledema, and occlusion of the retinal vein. Preretinal
hemorrhages lie anteriorly between the retina and the vitreous and are typically larger
than retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages obscure any underlying retinal vessel.
Microaneurysms present as tiny, round, red spots commonly seen in and around the
macular area. These are classic in diabetic retinopathy.
2. Question:
The whispered voice test allows the examiner to screen for:
low frequency hearing loss.
high frequency hearing loss.
general hearing loss. Correct
conductive hearing loss.
Explanation:
The whispered voice test for auditory acuity and allows the examiner to screen for
general hearing loss. In the elderly who have presbycusis, high frequency hearing loss
,is present. Since consonants are higher frequency sounds than vowels, these sounds are
often missed.
3. Question:
On examination of the tympanic membrane, a red bulging ear drum is detected. This is
consistent with:
acute otitis externa.
chronic otitis externa.
acute otitis media. Correct
a serous effusion.
Explanation:
A red bulging tympanic membrane may be found in a patient who has acute otitis
media. In acute otitis externa, the canal may be swollen, narrow, moist and pale with
tenderness on touching. The ear drum is intact. In chronic otitis externa, the skin of the
canal may be thickened, red, and pruritic. The ear drum is usually unaffected. With
serous effusion the ear drum appears amber and there usually is no bulging of the
eardrum.
4. Question:
One of the refractive errors of vision that presents with symptoms of blurriness and
improved with corrective lens, is known as:
hyperopia.
myopia.
strabismus.
astigmatism. Correct
Explanation:
Myopia, nearsightedness, occurs when light rays focus anterior to the retina.
Hyperopia, farsightedness, occurs when light rays focus posterior to the retina.
Strabismus, heterotropia, is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with
,each other. In astigmatism, light rays do not focus correctly on the retina. This causes
blurriness.
5. Question:
Miosis is a term used to describe:
the shape of the pupils.
constriction of the pupils. Correct
dilation of the pupils.
symmetry of the pupils.
Explanation:
Miosis refers to constriction of the pupils, mydriasis refers to dilation. Miosis is not
associated with the shape or symmetry of the pupils.
6. Question:
Otosclerosis is an example of a(n):
conductive hearing loss. Correct
sensorineural hearing loss.
mixed hearing loss.
acquired hearing loss.
Explanation:
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder of the labyrinthine capsule in which abnormal
bone growth occurs around the ossicles resulting in fixation of the stapes. The stapes
does not vibrate which reduces sound transmission to the inner ear. This produces a
conductive hearing loss.
7. Question:
Drooping of the upper eyelid is termed:
an epicanthal fold.
ptosis. Correct
, a retracted lid.
ectropion.
Explanation:
Ptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid and can be caused by myasthenia gravis,
damage to the oculomotor nerve, or to the sympathetic nerve supply (Horner's
syndrome). A weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, and the weight of herniated fat may
cause senile ptosis. Ptosis can also be congenital. An epicanthal fold is a vertical fold of
skin that lies over the medial canthus. A retracted lid is seen as a wide eyed stare.
Ectropion is seen when the lower lid turns outward and exposes the palpebral
conjunctiva.
8. Question:
When a light beam shines into one pupil causing pupillary constriction in that eye, the
term used is:
indirect reaction to light.
consensual reaction to light.
optic radiation.
direct reaction to light. Correct
Explanation:
The pupils of both eyes respond identically to a light stimulus regardless of which eye
has been stimulated. The direct response describes light entering one eye that produces
constriction of the pupil of that eye. A consensual response describes constriction of the
unstimulated pupil. These reactions should be compared in both eyes and if there is a
difference, further investigation is warranted. Optic radiation is a term used to describe
the tract that nerve impulses follow through the retina, optic nerve, and optic tract.
9. Question:
Where in the mouth would reddened areas, nodules, or ulcerations that are suspicious
of malignancy be present?
1. Question:
Ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus reveals small, rounded, slightly irregular
red spots embedded in the retina. These findings are consistent with:
superficial retinal hemorrhages.
preretinal hemorrhages.
microaneurysms.
deep retinal hemorrhages. Correct
Explanation:
Deep retinal hemorrhages appear as small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots and are
sometimes called dot or blot hemorrhages. They occur in a deeper layer of the retina
than flame-shaped hemorrhages. Diabetes is a common cause. Superficial retinal
hemorrhages appear as small, linear, flame-shaped, red streaks in the fundi and are
seen in hypertension, papilledema, and occlusion of the retinal vein. Preretinal
hemorrhages lie anteriorly between the retina and the vitreous and are typically larger
than retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages obscure any underlying retinal vessel.
Microaneurysms present as tiny, round, red spots commonly seen in and around the
macular area. These are classic in diabetic retinopathy.
2. Question:
The whispered voice test allows the examiner to screen for:
low frequency hearing loss.
high frequency hearing loss.
general hearing loss. Correct
conductive hearing loss.
Explanation:
The whispered voice test for auditory acuity and allows the examiner to screen for
general hearing loss. In the elderly who have presbycusis, high frequency hearing loss
,is present. Since consonants are higher frequency sounds than vowels, these sounds are
often missed.
3. Question:
On examination of the tympanic membrane, a red bulging ear drum is detected. This is
consistent with:
acute otitis externa.
chronic otitis externa.
acute otitis media. Correct
a serous effusion.
Explanation:
A red bulging tympanic membrane may be found in a patient who has acute otitis
media. In acute otitis externa, the canal may be swollen, narrow, moist and pale with
tenderness on touching. The ear drum is intact. In chronic otitis externa, the skin of the
canal may be thickened, red, and pruritic. The ear drum is usually unaffected. With
serous effusion the ear drum appears amber and there usually is no bulging of the
eardrum.
4. Question:
One of the refractive errors of vision that presents with symptoms of blurriness and
improved with corrective lens, is known as:
hyperopia.
myopia.
strabismus.
astigmatism. Correct
Explanation:
Myopia, nearsightedness, occurs when light rays focus anterior to the retina.
Hyperopia, farsightedness, occurs when light rays focus posterior to the retina.
Strabismus, heterotropia, is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with
,each other. In astigmatism, light rays do not focus correctly on the retina. This causes
blurriness.
5. Question:
Miosis is a term used to describe:
the shape of the pupils.
constriction of the pupils. Correct
dilation of the pupils.
symmetry of the pupils.
Explanation:
Miosis refers to constriction of the pupils, mydriasis refers to dilation. Miosis is not
associated with the shape or symmetry of the pupils.
6. Question:
Otosclerosis is an example of a(n):
conductive hearing loss. Correct
sensorineural hearing loss.
mixed hearing loss.
acquired hearing loss.
Explanation:
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder of the labyrinthine capsule in which abnormal
bone growth occurs around the ossicles resulting in fixation of the stapes. The stapes
does not vibrate which reduces sound transmission to the inner ear. This produces a
conductive hearing loss.
7. Question:
Drooping of the upper eyelid is termed:
an epicanthal fold.
ptosis. Correct
, a retracted lid.
ectropion.
Explanation:
Ptosis is a drooping of the upper eyelid and can be caused by myasthenia gravis,
damage to the oculomotor nerve, or to the sympathetic nerve supply (Horner's
syndrome). A weakened muscle, relaxed tissues, and the weight of herniated fat may
cause senile ptosis. Ptosis can also be congenital. An epicanthal fold is a vertical fold of
skin that lies over the medial canthus. A retracted lid is seen as a wide eyed stare.
Ectropion is seen when the lower lid turns outward and exposes the palpebral
conjunctiva.
8. Question:
When a light beam shines into one pupil causing pupillary constriction in that eye, the
term used is:
indirect reaction to light.
consensual reaction to light.
optic radiation.
direct reaction to light. Correct
Explanation:
The pupils of both eyes respond identically to a light stimulus regardless of which eye
has been stimulated. The direct response describes light entering one eye that produces
constriction of the pupil of that eye. A consensual response describes constriction of the
unstimulated pupil. These reactions should be compared in both eyes and if there is a
difference, further investigation is warranted. Optic radiation is a term used to describe
the tract that nerve impulses follow through the retina, optic nerve, and optic tract.
9. Question:
Where in the mouth would reddened areas, nodules, or ulcerations that are suspicious
of malignancy be present?
