1. Each of the following statements concerning the spinal ganglion is true, EXCEPT: A –
contains pseudounipolar neurons; B – is associated with the spinal cord ventral root; C – its
neuron dendrites form part of the spinal nerve; D – its neuron dendrites possess receptors; E –
its neurons are surrounded by satellite cells.
2. The cerebellar cortex neurons connecting Purkinje cells along a folium are:
A – basket cells; B – pyramidal cells; C – stellate cells; D – Golgi type II cells; E – granule cells
3. The cerebellar cortex neurons connecting Purkinje cells across a folium are: (1) granule cells
(2) stellate cells (3) Golgi type II cells (4) basket cells
4. Each of the following statements concerning the ciliary body is true, EXCEPT:
A – is avascular; B – is a modification of the eye vascular tunic; C – has processes with
suspensory ligaments; D – contains intrinsic muscles; E – takes part in accommodation.
5. Each of the following statements concerning the rods is true, EXCEPT:
A – number about 120 million; B – their outer segments include flat membranous disks; C –
contain rhodopsin; D – are responsible for black-white vision; E – are excited by bright light. 5.
6The myocardium consists of the following structures, EXCEPT:
A – typical cardiac muscle cells; B – atypical cardiac muscle cells of the impulse conducting
system; C – abundance of adipose tissue; D – blood vessels; E – connective tissue.
7. The first phase of hemopoiesis in fetal life occurs in:
A – liver; B – spleen; C – bone marrow; D – “blood islands” in the wall of the yolk sac; E - lymph
nodes.
8. Each of the following statements concerning the diffuse lymphatic tissue and lymphatic
nodules is true, EXCEPT:
A – are located in the tunica mucosa of the alimentary canal, respiratory passages, urinary
passages, and genital tract; B – are unencapsulated concentrations of lymphocytes; C – filter
lymph and extract antigens from it; D – their lymphocytes after an encounter with antigen
migrate to regional lymph nodes where they undergo proliferation and differentiation; E – cells
returning to the lamina propria are effector lymphocytes.
9. Each of the following statements concerning cell-mediated immunity is true, EXCEPT:
A – T lymphocytes are responsible for this type of immunity; B – activated T lymphocytes are
transformed into lymphoblasts; C – lymphoblasts proliferate and differentiate into effector cells;
D – memory cells are not produced in the differentiation of T lymphoblasts; E – cytotoxic T
lymphocytes direct their killer activity against virus-effected cells, cancer cells, cells with
mutations, and graft cells
10. The specific hormone interaction with target cells is provided by:
A – hormone chemical compound; B – tissue belonging of target cells; C – target cell
origination; D – existence of receptors for hormone on the target cell plasma membrane; E –
origination of endocrine gland producing hormone
11. Each of the following statements concerning the physiological effect of adenohypophysial
hormones is true, EXCEPT: A – GH stimulates long bone growth; B – PR initiates and maintains
milk secretion; C – ACTH controls adrenal medulla secretion; D – TSH regulates thyroid
hormone secretion; E – FSH and LH regulate gonadal functions
12. Each of the following statements concerning the thyroid gland follicular cells is true,
EXCEPT: A – their basal portions rest on the basal membrane, their apical portions are in
, contact with the colloid; B – their cytoplasm contains colloid-resorbing droplets; C – transport
iodide from blood into their cytoplasm and into the colloid; D – arise from the neural crest; E –
secrete thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
13. The following statements regarding the adrenal medulla chromaffin cells are true: (1) are
equivalent to postganglionic neurons (2) sympathetic nerve fibres are in contact with them (3)
release their hormones in response to nerve impulses (4) glucocorticoids induce them to
convert norepinephrine to epinephrine
14. Each of the following statements concerning the alimentary canal mucosa is true, EXCEPT:
A – is a barrier separating the tract lumen from the body;
B – secretes digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus, and antibodies into the lumen; C –
selectively absorbs digested products;
D – lacks diffuse lymphatic tissue and lymphatic nodules; E – may contain glands.
15. Each of the following statements concerning the tooth pulp is true, EXCEPT:
A – is filled with connective tissue; B – contains blood vessels and nerves; C – the narrow canal
extends from the pulp outside; D – the blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the pulp
through the tooth canal; E – is lined with cementum.
16. Each of the following statements concerning the myoepithelial cells is true, EXCEPT: A – are
contractile cells; B – are located only in the salivary gland acini; C – possess numerous
processes; D – lie between the basal lamina and epithelial cells; E – provide secretion
discharge towards duct
17. Each of the following statements concerning the intercalated ducts of the salivary glands is
true, EXCEPT: A – are lined with columnar cells possessing basal striations; B – secrete
bicarbonate ions into the acinar product; C – absorb chloride ions from the acinar product; D –
are most prominent in serous salivary glands; E – are short and difficult to identify in mucus
salivary glands
18. Each of the following statements concerning the gastric mucosa is true, EXCEPT:
A – gastric pits form its microrelief; B – is covered with simple columnar mucous epithelium; C –
possesses its own nerve plexus; D – its lamina propria contains simple tubular glands; E – its
muscularis mucosae consists of three muscle layers
19. Each of the following statements concerning the pyloric region of the stomach is true,
EXCEPT:
A – pyloric gastric pits are deep and occupy about half of the mucosa thickness; B – pyloric
glands are tubular branched; C – mucous cells are predominant in pyloric glands; D – pyloric
glands contain parietal cells; E – its muscularis externa is very thick.
20. Each of the following statements concerning the lipid absorption in the small intestine is true,
EXCEPT:
A – enterocytes absorb fatty acids and glycerol from the lumen; B – enterocytes resynthesize
neutral fat; C – neutral fat is transported into the lacteal; D – neutral fat is transported into the
blood capillaries; E – contractions of the villus muscle cells drive away chyle from the lacteal.
21. Each of the following statements concerning the large intestine mucosa is true, EXCEPT: A
– contains numerous crypts; B – forms villi; C – its surface epithelium is the same as that of the
small intestine; D – goblet cells are more numerous in its epithelium than in the small intestine;
E – Paneth cells are normally absent in its crypts.
contains pseudounipolar neurons; B – is associated with the spinal cord ventral root; C – its
neuron dendrites form part of the spinal nerve; D – its neuron dendrites possess receptors; E –
its neurons are surrounded by satellite cells.
2. The cerebellar cortex neurons connecting Purkinje cells along a folium are:
A – basket cells; B – pyramidal cells; C – stellate cells; D – Golgi type II cells; E – granule cells
3. The cerebellar cortex neurons connecting Purkinje cells across a folium are: (1) granule cells
(2) stellate cells (3) Golgi type II cells (4) basket cells
4. Each of the following statements concerning the ciliary body is true, EXCEPT:
A – is avascular; B – is a modification of the eye vascular tunic; C – has processes with
suspensory ligaments; D – contains intrinsic muscles; E – takes part in accommodation.
5. Each of the following statements concerning the rods is true, EXCEPT:
A – number about 120 million; B – their outer segments include flat membranous disks; C –
contain rhodopsin; D – are responsible for black-white vision; E – are excited by bright light. 5.
6The myocardium consists of the following structures, EXCEPT:
A – typical cardiac muscle cells; B – atypical cardiac muscle cells of the impulse conducting
system; C – abundance of adipose tissue; D – blood vessels; E – connective tissue.
7. The first phase of hemopoiesis in fetal life occurs in:
A – liver; B – spleen; C – bone marrow; D – “blood islands” in the wall of the yolk sac; E - lymph
nodes.
8. Each of the following statements concerning the diffuse lymphatic tissue and lymphatic
nodules is true, EXCEPT:
A – are located in the tunica mucosa of the alimentary canal, respiratory passages, urinary
passages, and genital tract; B – are unencapsulated concentrations of lymphocytes; C – filter
lymph and extract antigens from it; D – their lymphocytes after an encounter with antigen
migrate to regional lymph nodes where they undergo proliferation and differentiation; E – cells
returning to the lamina propria are effector lymphocytes.
9. Each of the following statements concerning cell-mediated immunity is true, EXCEPT:
A – T lymphocytes are responsible for this type of immunity; B – activated T lymphocytes are
transformed into lymphoblasts; C – lymphoblasts proliferate and differentiate into effector cells;
D – memory cells are not produced in the differentiation of T lymphoblasts; E – cytotoxic T
lymphocytes direct their killer activity against virus-effected cells, cancer cells, cells with
mutations, and graft cells
10. The specific hormone interaction with target cells is provided by:
A – hormone chemical compound; B – tissue belonging of target cells; C – target cell
origination; D – existence of receptors for hormone on the target cell plasma membrane; E –
origination of endocrine gland producing hormone
11. Each of the following statements concerning the physiological effect of adenohypophysial
hormones is true, EXCEPT: A – GH stimulates long bone growth; B – PR initiates and maintains
milk secretion; C – ACTH controls adrenal medulla secretion; D – TSH regulates thyroid
hormone secretion; E – FSH and LH regulate gonadal functions
12. Each of the following statements concerning the thyroid gland follicular cells is true,
EXCEPT: A – their basal portions rest on the basal membrane, their apical portions are in
, contact with the colloid; B – their cytoplasm contains colloid-resorbing droplets; C – transport
iodide from blood into their cytoplasm and into the colloid; D – arise from the neural crest; E –
secrete thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
13. The following statements regarding the adrenal medulla chromaffin cells are true: (1) are
equivalent to postganglionic neurons (2) sympathetic nerve fibres are in contact with them (3)
release their hormones in response to nerve impulses (4) glucocorticoids induce them to
convert norepinephrine to epinephrine
14. Each of the following statements concerning the alimentary canal mucosa is true, EXCEPT:
A – is a barrier separating the tract lumen from the body;
B – secretes digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus, and antibodies into the lumen; C –
selectively absorbs digested products;
D – lacks diffuse lymphatic tissue and lymphatic nodules; E – may contain glands.
15. Each of the following statements concerning the tooth pulp is true, EXCEPT:
A – is filled with connective tissue; B – contains blood vessels and nerves; C – the narrow canal
extends from the pulp outside; D – the blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the pulp
through the tooth canal; E – is lined with cementum.
16. Each of the following statements concerning the myoepithelial cells is true, EXCEPT: A – are
contractile cells; B – are located only in the salivary gland acini; C – possess numerous
processes; D – lie between the basal lamina and epithelial cells; E – provide secretion
discharge towards duct
17. Each of the following statements concerning the intercalated ducts of the salivary glands is
true, EXCEPT: A – are lined with columnar cells possessing basal striations; B – secrete
bicarbonate ions into the acinar product; C – absorb chloride ions from the acinar product; D –
are most prominent in serous salivary glands; E – are short and difficult to identify in mucus
salivary glands
18. Each of the following statements concerning the gastric mucosa is true, EXCEPT:
A – gastric pits form its microrelief; B – is covered with simple columnar mucous epithelium; C –
possesses its own nerve plexus; D – its lamina propria contains simple tubular glands; E – its
muscularis mucosae consists of three muscle layers
19. Each of the following statements concerning the pyloric region of the stomach is true,
EXCEPT:
A – pyloric gastric pits are deep and occupy about half of the mucosa thickness; B – pyloric
glands are tubular branched; C – mucous cells are predominant in pyloric glands; D – pyloric
glands contain parietal cells; E – its muscularis externa is very thick.
20. Each of the following statements concerning the lipid absorption in the small intestine is true,
EXCEPT:
A – enterocytes absorb fatty acids and glycerol from the lumen; B – enterocytes resynthesize
neutral fat; C – neutral fat is transported into the lacteal; D – neutral fat is transported into the
blood capillaries; E – contractions of the villus muscle cells drive away chyle from the lacteal.
21. Each of the following statements concerning the large intestine mucosa is true, EXCEPT: A
– contains numerous crypts; B – forms villi; C – its surface epithelium is the same as that of the
small intestine; D – goblet cells are more numerous in its epithelium than in the small intestine;
E – Paneth cells are normally absent in its crypts.
